Infinitely many new curves of the Fučík spectrum (Q896164): Difference between revisions
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English | Infinitely many new curves of the Fučík spectrum |
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Infinitely many new curves of the Fučík spectrum (English)
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11 December 2015
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This paper is devoted to some results on the Fučík spectrum for the Laplace operator, giving new information on its structure. These results show that if \(\Omega \) is a bounded connected domain of \(\mathbb R^N\), then the Fučík spectrum has infinitely many curves asymptotic to the lines \(\{\lambda_1\} \times\mathbb R\) and \(\mathbb R \times \{\lambda_1\}\), where \(\lambda_1\) denotes the first eigenvalue of the operator \(-\Delta\) in \(H^1_0(\Omega )\). If we set \(u^+=\max\{u, 0\}\) and \(u^-=\max\{-u, 0\}\), then the Fučík spectrum is defined as the set \(\Sigma\) of all pairs \((\alpha , \beta ) \in\mathbb R^2\) such that the Dirichlet problem \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} & \Delta u - \alpha u^- + \beta u^+ = 0 &\quad\text{in }& \Omega,\\ & u= 0, &\quad\text{on }&\partial\Omega,\end{alignedat} \] has nontrivial solutions. The main result of this paper may be stated as follows. \(\quad\) { Theorem 1.1} Let \(\Omega \) be a bounded connected domain of \(\mathbb R^N\) with \(N\geq 3\). Then, there exists a nondecreasing sequence \((b_k)_k\) of positive numbers with the following properties. For every positive integer \(k\) and for all \(\beta >b_k\), there exists \(\alpha_{k,\beta} >\lambda_1\) such that the pair \((\alpha_{k,\beta} , \beta )\) belongs to the Fučík spectrum \(\Sigma\). Moreover, for every positive integer \(k, \alpha_{k,\beta}\) depends continuously on \(\beta\) in \(]b_k, +\infty[, \alpha_{k,\beta} <\alpha_{k+1,\beta}\) for all \(\beta >b_{k+1}\) and \(\lim_{\beta\to\infty} \alpha_{k,\beta} =\lambda_1\). \(\quad\) To prove this theorem the authors use a variational method. For all \(\beta >0\), they consider the functional \[ f_\beta (u) =\int_\Omega [|Du|^2-\beta (u^+)^2]\,dx \] constrained on the set \(S=\{u \in H^1_0(\Omega ): \int_\Omega (u^-)^2\,dx=1\}\). For \(\beta >0\) large enough, the eigenfunction \(u\) is obtained as a constrained critical point for \(f_\beta\) on \(S\), while \(\alpha\) arises as the Lagrange multiplier with respect to the constraint \(S\).
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elliptic operators
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Fučík spectrum
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variational methods
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multiplicity results
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asymptotic behaviours
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