Elliptic equations with jumping nonlinearities involving high eigenvalues (Q2636867)

Let \(n\geq 3\). Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded open connected subset of \({\mathbb{R}}^{n}\) of class \(C^{\infty}\). Let \(\lambda_{1}\) be the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplace operator \(-\Delta\) in \(\Omega\). Let \(e_{1}\) be a corresponding suitably normalized positive eigenfunction. Let \(\alpha \,\in]\lambda_{1},+\infty[\) be a point of the Dirichlet resolvent of \(-\Delta\) in \(\Omega\). Then, the authors show that for every positive integer \(k\) there exists \(\overline{\beta}_{k}>0\) such that if \(\beta>\overline{\beta}_{k}\), then the problem \[ \Delta u-\alpha u^{-}+\beta u^{+}=-e_{1}\quad{\mathrm{in}}\;\Omega,\qquad u=0\quad{\mathrm{on}}\;\partial\Omega\,, \] has a solution \(u_{k}^{\beta}\) with \(k\) peaks. Then, they consider the above problem with \(-e_{1}\) replaced by \(+e_{1}\) and show an existence result for solutions \(u_{k,\beta}\) such that the support of \(u_{k,\beta}^{+}\) has \(k\) connected components under the assumption that \(\Omega\) has radial symmetry. The above results find application in the existence of solutions with peaks for problems of the type \[ \Delta u+g(u)=\xi_{0} +se_{1}\quad{\mathrm{in}}\;\Omega,\qquad u=0\quad{\mathrm{on}}\;\partial\Omega\,, \] where \(g\in C^{2}({\mathbb{R}})\), \(\lim_{t\to-\infty}g(t)/t=\alpha\), \(\lim_{t\to+\infty}g(t)/t=\beta\), \(\xi_{0}\in L^{2}(\Omega)\), \(s\in {\mathbb{R}}\). The approach is variational.