On the persistence of quasi-periodic invariant tori for double Hopf bifurcation of vector fields (Q264462): Difference between revisions

A smooth system of differential equations \[ \dot x = f(x, \alpha), \quad x \in {\mathbb R}^n,\quad \alpha \in {\mathbb R}^m, \] for which \(\alpha = 0\) is a bifurcation value and \(f(0, \alpha) = 0\) for \(||\alpha||\) small, is said to have a double Hopf bifurcation if the linear part at \(x = 0\) has two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues at \(\alpha = 0\). Based on reduction to a center manifold and restriction to codimension-two phenomena the author studies the system \[ \dot x = A(\alpha) x + F(x, \alpha) \] with \(x \in {\mathbb R}^4\), \(\alpha \in {\mathbb R}^2\), \(F(x, \alpha) = O(||x||^2)\) smooth, for which the matrix \(A(\alpha)\) has eigenvalues \(\mu_j(\alpha) \pm i \omega_j(\alpha)\), \(j = 1, 2\) (\(i = \sqrt{-1}\)), with \(\mu_1(0) = \mu_2(0) = 0\) and \(\omega_1(0) > \omega_2(0) > 0\). Using KAM theory it is shown that in a small neighborhood of \(\alpha = 0\) the full system has quasi-periodic 2-tori for most (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) of the parameter set on which the truncated normal form possesses 2-tori, and that under certain conditions the full system has quasi-periodic 3-tori for most parameters near the Hopf bifurcation curve of its truncated normal form and along the direction of the bifurcation; moreover these 3-tori bifurcate from invariant 2-tori.