Lagrangian isotopy of tori in \({S^2\times S^2}\) and \({{\mathbb{C}}P^2}\) (Q730361): Difference between revisions

Let \(\omega_0\), \(\omega_{\mathrm{FS}}\) and \(\omega_1\) be the standard symplectic form on \(\mathbb{R}^4\), the Fubini-Study 2-form on \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) and the area form on \(S^2\) of total area \(\int_{S^2}\omega_1=1\), respectively. Then the following theorem is proved: Theorem A. Let \((X,\omega)\) be either of \((\mathbb{R}^4,\omega_0), (\mathbb{C}P^2,\omega_{\mathrm{FS}})\) or \((S^2\times S^2, \omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\). Then any two Lagrangian tori inside \((X,\omega)\) are Lagrangian isotopic. Adopting methods of the proof of Theorem A, it is shown that any embedded Lagrangian torus \(L\subset T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2\) that is non-zero in \(H_2(\mathbb{T}^2)\) is Hamiltonian isotopic to a section of \(T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2\to \mathbb{T}^2\) (Th.7.1). By this theorem and results in [\textit{M. Abouzaid}, Invent. Math. 189, No. 2, 251--313 (2012; Zbl 1261.53077); \textit{T. Kragh}, Geom. Topol. 17, No. 2, 639--731 (2013; Zbl 1267.53081)], the following theorem follows. Theorem B. Any closed exact Lagrangian submanifold \(L\subset (T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2,d\lambda)\), where \(\lambda\) denotes the Liouville form, is a torus which is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero-section. To prove Theorem A, studying pseudoholomorphic foliations while performing the splitting construction explained in \S2. [\textit{Y. Eliashberg} et al., in: GAFA 2000. Visions in mathematics -- Towards 2000. Proceedings of a meeting, 1999. Part II. Basel: Birkhäuser. 560--673 (2000; Zbl 0989.81114)] from symplectic field theory along the Lagrangian torus, the cases of \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) and \(S^2\times S^2\) are reduced to the one of \(\mathbb{R}^4\) (Theorem C proved in \S3). Theorem D. Let \(L\) be a monotone Lagrangian torus in \((S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\). There exist symplectic \(S^2\)-fibrations \(p_i:(S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\to S^2\), \(i=1,2\), compatible with \(L\), where the fibers of \(p_1\) and \(p_2\) are in the homology classes \(A_2\) and \(A_1\) respectively. Moreover, given closed subsets of the form \[ (U\times S^2)\cup (S^2\times V)\subset S^2\times S^2\setminus L \] contained in the complement of \(L\), we may assume that such \(\{u\}\times S^2\), \(u\in U\), are fibers of \(p_1\) and sections of \(p_2\), respectively, and conversely that each \(S^2\times\{v\}\), \(v\in V\), are fibers of \(p_2\) and sections of \(p_1\), respectively (proved in \S5). By results in [the last author, Lagrangian unknotedness of tori in certain symplectic 4-manifolds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University (PhD Thesis) (2003)], two Lagrangian tori inside \((\mathbb{R}^4,\omega_0)\) are shown to be Lagrangian isotopic in \S6 and Theorem A is proved. The authors say Theorem D can be seen as a potential starting point for the classification of monotone Lagrangian tori in \((S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\) up to Hamiltonian isotopy. In fact, as a corollary of Theorem D (Theorem E and its remark), existence of two different classes of tori, one is the standard monotone product \(S^1\times S^1\subset S^2\times S^2\), called Clifford torus, and the other called Chekanov torus [\textit{Yu. V. Chekanov}, Math. Z. 223, No. 4, 547--559 (1996; Zbl 0877.58024)], which is not Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus, follows. In the appendix, a construction of the Chekanov torus is given.