Lagrangian isotopy of tori in S^2 S^2 and CP^2

DOI10.1007/S00039-016-0388-1MaRDI QIDQ730361zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Georgios Dimitroglou Rizell, Elizabeth Goodman, Alexander Ivrii

Publication date 27 December 2016

Published in Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.08821

Hamiltonian isotopy Lagrangian isotopy Lagrangian torus pseudo-holomorphic foliation splitting construction

Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) Global theory of symplectic and contact manifolds (53D35) Symplectic field theory; contact homology (53D42)

Abstract: We show that, up to Lagrangian isotopy, there is a unique Lagrangian torus inside each of the following uniruled symplectic four-manifolds: the symplectic vector space

m a t h b b R^{4}

, the projective plane

m a t h b b C P^{2}

, and the monotone

S^{2} i m e s S^{2}

. The result is proven by studying pseudoholomorphic foliations while performing the splitting construction from symplectic field theory along the Lagrangian torus. A number of other related results are also shown. Notably, the nearby Lagrangian conjecture is established for

T^{*} m a t h b b T^{2}

, i.e.~it is shown that every closed exact Lagrangian submanifold in this cotangent bundle is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero-section.

Review text

Let \(\omega_0\), \(\omega_{\mathrm{FS}}\) and \(\omega_1\) be the standard symplectic form on \(\mathbb{R}^4\), the Fubini-Study 2-form on \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) and the area form on \(S^2\) of total area \(\int_{S^2}\omega_1=1\), respectively. Then the following theorem is proved: Theorem A. Let \((X,\omega)\) be either of \((\mathbb{R}^4,\omega_0), (\mathbb{C}P^2,\omega_{\mathrm{FS}})\) or \((S^2\times S^2, \omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\). Then any two Lagrangian tori inside \((X,\omega)\) are Lagrangian isotopic. Adopting methods of the proof of Theorem A, it is shown that any embedded Lagrangian torus \(L\subset T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2\) that is non-zero in \(H_2(\mathbb{T}^2)\) is Hamiltonian isotopic to a section of \(T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2\to \mathbb{T}^2\) (Th.7.1). By this theorem and results in [\textit{M. Abouzaid}, Invent. Math. 189, No. 2, 251--313 (2012; Zbl 1261.53077); \textit{T. Kragh}, Geom. Topol. 17, No. 2, 639--731 (2013; Zbl 1267.53081)], the following theorem follows. Theorem B. Any closed exact Lagrangian submanifold \(L\subset (T^\ast\mathbb{T}^2,d\lambda)\), where \(\lambda\) denotes the Liouville form, is a torus which is Hamiltonian isotopic to the zero-section. To prove Theorem A, studying pseudoholomorphic foliations while performing the splitting construction explained in \S2. [\textit{Y. Eliashberg} et al., in: GAFA 2000. Visions in mathematics -- Towards 2000. Proceedings of a meeting, 1999. Part II. Basel: Birkhäuser. 560--673 (2000; Zbl 0989.81114)] from symplectic field theory along the Lagrangian torus, the cases of \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) and \(S^2\times S^2\) are reduced to the one of \(\mathbb{R}^4\) (Theorem C proved in \S3). Theorem D. Let \(L\) be a monotone Lagrangian torus in \((S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\). There exist symplectic \(S^2\)-fibrations \(p_i:(S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\to S^2\), \(i=1,2\), compatible with \(L\), where the fibers of \(p_1\) and \(p_2\) are in the homology classes \(A_2\) and \(A_1\) respectively. Moreover, given closed subsets of the form \[ (U\times S^2)\cup (S^2\times V)\subset S^2\times S^2\setminus L \] contained in the complement of \(L\), we may assume that such \(\{u\}\times S^2\), \(u\in U\), are fibers of \(p_1\) and sections of \(p_2\), respectively, and conversely that each \(S^2\times\{v\}\), \(v\in V\), are fibers of \(p_2\) and sections of \(p_1\), respectively (proved in \S5). By results in [the last author, Lagrangian unknotedness of tori in certain symplectic 4-manifolds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University (PhD Thesis) (2003)], two Lagrangian tori inside \((\mathbb{R}^4,\omega_0)\) are shown to be Lagrangian isotopic in \S6 and Theorem A is proved. The authors say Theorem D can be seen as a potential starting point for the classification of monotone Lagrangian tori in \((S^2\times S^2,\omega_1\oplus\omega_1)\) up to Hamiltonian isotopy. In fact, as a corollary of Theorem D (Theorem E and its remark), existence of two different classes of tori, one is the standard monotone product \(S^1\times S^1\subset S^2\times S^2\), called Clifford torus, and the other called Chekanov torus [\textit{Yu. V. Chekanov}, Math. Z. 223, No. 4, 547--559 (1996; Zbl 0877.58024)], which is not Hamiltonian isotopic to the Clifford torus, follows. In the appendix, a construction of the Chekanov torus is given.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(46)

This page was built for publication: Lagrangian isotopy of tori in \({S^2\times S^2}\) and \({{\mathbb{C}}P^2}\)

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q730361)