Complete classification of the torsion structures of rational elliptic curves over quintic number fields (Q515624): Difference between revisions

In this article, the author determines the possible torsion groups of rational elliptic curves over any quintic number fields. Let \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(d)\) be the set of isomorphic classes of the torsion groups \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}\) where \(K\) runs over all number fields of degree \(d\) and and \(E\) runs over all elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb Q\). Let \(C_n\) denote the cyclic group of degree \(n\). \textit{B. Mazur} [Invent. Math. 44, 129--162 (1978; Zbl 0386.14009)] showed that \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(1)=\{C_i~|~i=1,2,\dots,10 \text{ and }12\}\cup\{C_{i}\times C_{2i}~|~i=1,2,3,4\}\) in 1978. The author shows that \(\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5)=\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(1)\cup\{C_{11},C_{25}\}\) and determines possible groups \(H\in\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5)\) such that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}=H\) for a given group \(E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\). Especially, he obtains that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}=E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\) unless \(E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}=C_i~(i=1,2,5)\) and that for any elliptic curve \(E/\mathbb Q\), there is at most one quintic number field \(K\), up to isomorphism, such that \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}\neq E(\mathbb Q)_{\text{tors}}\). Further, he shows that for \(H\in\Phi_{\mathbb Q}(5),N\neq C_{11}\), there are infinitely many non-isomorphic elliptic curves having H as the torsion group and only the elliptic curves 121a2,121c2,121b1 in J. E. Cremona's elliptic curve data have \(C_{11}\) as the torsion group over a quintic number field. The proof of these results depends mainly on the results concerning mod \(\ell\) Galois representations associated to elliptic curves of \textit{A. V. Sutherland} [Forum Math. Sigma 4, Article ID e4, 79 p. (2016;Zbl 1361.11040)] and \textit{D. Zywina} [``On the possible images of the mod \(\ell\) representations associated to elliptic curves over Q'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1508.07660}].