Regularity of the optimal sets for some spectral functionals (Q529615): Difference between revisions

Functionals involving the eigenvalues of the Laplacian are the object of this paper. The authors study the regularity of the optimal sets for the shape optimization problem \[ (*)\;\min\Big\{\lambda_{1}(\Omega)+\dotsm+\lambda_{k}(\Omega)\;:\;\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{d}\;\text{open},\quad |\Omega| = 1\Big\}, \] where \(\lambda_{1},\dotsc,\lambda_{k}\) are the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian on the set \(\Omega\) and \({|\cdot|}\) is the \(d\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure. A set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb R^d\) is \(d^*\)-regular if \(\partial\Omega\) is the disjoint union of a regular part \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega)\) and a singular part \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) such that \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega)\) is an open subset of \(\partial\Omega\) and locally a \(C^\infty\) hypersurface of codimension one, and \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is a closed subset of \(\partial\Omega\) and has the following properties: (i)\,if \(d<d^*\), then \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is empty, (ii)\,if \(d=d^*\), then the singular set \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) contains at most a finite number of isolated points, and (iii)\,if \(d>d^*\), then the Hausdorff dimension of \(\roman{Sing}(\partial\Omega)\) is less than \(d-d^*\). In this work, the authors consider the natural number \(d^*\in[5,7]\) as the smallest dimension at which the free boundaries of the local minima of the scalar one-phase functional \(u\mapsto\int|\Delta u|^2dx+|\{u>0\}|\) admit singularities. They prove that if the open set \(\Omega^*_k\subset\mathbb R^d\) is an optimal set for the shape optimization problem \((*)\), then \(\Omega^*_k\) is connected and \(d^*\)-regular. Moreover, the vector \(U=(u_1,\dots,u_k)\) of the normalized eigenfunctions is such that \(|U|\) has a \(C^1\) extension on the regular part of the free boundary and satisfies the optimality condition \(\big|\Delta|U|\big|=\sqrt{\Lambda}\) on \(\roman{Reg}(\partial\Omega^*_k)\), where the constant \(\Lambda\) is given by \(\Lambda=\frac2d\sum\limits_{i=1}^k\lambda_i(\Omega^*_k)\).