Quantum set theory: transfer principle and De Morgan's laws (Q2659103): Difference between revisions

Quantum logic was introduced by \textit{G. Birkhoff} and \textit{J. von Neumann} [Ann. Math. (2) 37, 823--843 (1936; Zbl 0015.14603)]. The study of quantum set theory was initiated by \textit{G. Takeuti} [in: Current issues in quantum logic. Proceedings of the Workshop on Quantum Logic held in Erice, Sicily, December 2--9, 1979. New York - London: Plenum Press. 303--322 (1981)]. The author [J. Symb. Log. 72, No. 2, 625--648 (2007; Zbl 1124.03045)] established the transfer principle for Takeuti's quantum set theory, which was generalized to complete orthomodular lattices [\textit{M. Ozawa}, Rev. Symb. Log. 10, No. 4, 782--807 (2017; Zbl 1421.03026)]. Transfer principle. For any \(\Delta_{0}\)-formula \(\phi\left( x_{1},\dots,x_{n}\right) \) in the language of set theory in ZFC and for any element \(u_{1},\dots,u_{n}\) in the universe \(V^{\left( \mathcal{Q}\right) }\) with the \(\mathcal{Q}\)-valued truth value\quad\(\left\Vert \phi\left( u_{1},\dots,u_{n}\right) \right\Vert \), we have \[ \left\Vert \phi\left( u_{1},\dots,u_{n}\right) \right\Vert \geq\underline {\vee}\left( u_{1},\dots,u_{n}\right) \] where \(\underline{\vee}\left( u_{1},\dots,u_{n}\right) \)\ stands for the commutator. Bounded universal and existential quantifications are evaluated by using implication \(\rightarrow\) and conjunction \(\ast\). \begin{align*} \left\Vert \left( \forall x\in u\right) \phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert & =\vee_{u^{\prime}\in\mathrm{dom}\left( u\right) }\left( u\left( u^{\prime}\right) \rightarrow\left\Vert \phi\left( u^{\prime}\right) \right\Vert \right) \\ \left\Vert \left( \exists x\in u\right) \phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert & =\vee_{u^{\prime}\in\mathrm{dom}\left( u\right) }\left( u\left( u^{\prime}\right) \ast\left\Vert \phi\left( u^{\prime}\right) \right\Vert \right) \end{align*} Introducing a general class of binary operations \(\rightarrow\) for implication and one of binary operations \(\ast\) for conjunction on complete orthomodular lattices, this paper determines which pairs \(\left( \rightarrow,\ast\right) \) of an implication and a conjunction satisfy the transfer principle or both the transfer principle and the de Morgan laws. De Morgan laws. \begin{align*} \left\Vert \rceil\left( \forall x\in u\right) \phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert & =\left\Vert \left( \exists x\in u\right) \rceil\phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert \\ \left\Vert \rceil\left( \exists x\in u\right) \phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert & =\left\Vert \left( \forall x\in u\right) \rceil\phi\left( x\right) \right\Vert \end{align*} The pair of the Sasaki implication (\(P\rightarrow Q\) for \(P^{\bot}\vee\left( P\wedge Q\right) \), also called the Sasaki arrow) and the Sasaki conjunction (\(P\ast Q\) for \(\left( P\rightarrow Q^{\bot}\right) ^{\bot}\), also called the Sasaki projection)\ [\textit{U. Sasaki}, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., Ser. A 17, 293--302 (1954; Zbl 0055.25902)] satisfies both the transfer principle and the de Morgan laws. It is shown that there are exactly 36 pairs of polynomially definable operations pervious to the transfer principle, among which only 6 should obey the de Morgan laws as well.