Several results on compact metrizable spaces in \(\mathbf{ZF} \) (Q2049538): Difference between revisions

The paper establishes connections between many consequences of the axiom of choice, as well as independence results between them. The focus is on statements of the form M\((a,b)\): every metrizable space satisfying property \(a\) also satisfies property \(b\). Here \(a\) and \(b\) can be: C (compactness), TB (being totally bounded), S (separability), IC (being infinite compact), DI (being Dedekind-infinite) etc. Independence results are reached by means of permutation models. The basic Fraenkel model \(\mathcal{N}1\), the Mostowski linearly ordered model \(\mathcal{N}3\), concentric circles permutation model \(\mathcal{N}_{cr}\), as well as some others are used. In Section 3, a family of symmetric models \(\mathcal{N}_{n,l}\) is constructed satisfying a fragment of GCH: \(\forall m<n\;2^{\aleph_m}=\aleph_{m+1}\), but not CAC\(_l\) (the existence of a choice function for countable families of \(l\)-element sets). Section 4 mainly deals with statements M(TB,WO), M(TB,S), M(C,WO), M(C,S) and M(IC,DI). Connections between them, as well as with countable versions of AC are established. It is proved that WoAm: every set can either be well-ordered or it contains an amorphous subset (an infinite set that can not be partitioned into two infinite subsets)\\ implies M(TB,WO) (which shows that it holds in \(\mathcal{N}1\)), but not vice versa, since \(\mathcal{N}3\) satisfies M(TB,WO) but not WoAM. It is shown that M(IC,DI) does not imply that every Dedekind-finite set is finite. Proposition 8 gives several sufficient conditions for CUC: every countable union of countable sets is countable to hold in models of ZFA (set theory with atoms). Finally, it was proved that in ZF UT(\(\aleph_0,\aleph_0\),cuf): every countable union of countable sets can be represented as a countable union of finite sets does not follow from M(IC,DI). Section 5 gives various other implications between consequences of AC. It also provides some equivalent conditions to M(C,S), as well as to Part(\(\mathbb{R}\)): every partition of the set \(\mathbb{R}\) of reals is of cardinality at most \(|\mathbb{R}|\). A symmetric model of ZF+CH+WO(\(P(\mathbb{R})\)) is constructed in which not every compact metrizable space is embeddable in \([0,1]^{\mathbb{R}}\).