Open problems: descending cohomology, geometrically (Q2257642): Difference between revisions

Let us consider a smooth projective threefold \(X\) over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with the property that it possesses no holomorphic everywhere regular differential 3-forms, i.e., \(h^{0, 3}=h^{3, 0}=0\). For any prime number \(\ell\) let \(\mathbb{Q}_{\ell}(1):=\mathbb{Q}_{\ell}\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}}T\mu_{{\ell}^\infty}\), that is, we have ``Tate-twisted'' the constant sheaf. Now let \(H_{\ell}:=H_{\ell}(X):=H^3_{\text{et}}(X\otimes_{\mathbb Q}\bar{\mathbb{Q}}; \mathbb{Q}_{\ell}(1))\) denote the three-dimensional \(\ell\)-adic étale cohomology group of \(X\) viewed as \(G_{\bar{\mathbb Q}}:=\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\)-representation, but ``descended'' in the sense that it is twisted as indicated. The \(\ell\)-adic Hodge numbers of the downward twisted representation are zero except for \(h^{0, 1}=h^{1, 0}\). That is, given these numerical invariants, the downward twisted representation could conceivably be the Galois representation attached to an isogeny class of an abelian variety over \(\mathbb{Q}\). By Faltings' Theorem, if there is such an isogeny class it is unique (also independent of \(\ell\)). Call ``it'' (whether it exists or not) the \(\mathbf{phantom}\) isogeny class of abelian varieties over \(\mathbb{Q}\) related to this \(X\). Within this isogeny class over \(\mathbb{Q}\), there is a unique isomorphism class of abelian varieties, \(J(X)_{\mathbb Q}\), possessing \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb{Q})\)-equivariant isomorphisms: \[ H_{\ell}=H^3_{\text{et}}(X_{\bar{\mathbb Q}}; \mathbb{Z}_{\ell}(1))\cong H^1(J(X)_{\bar{\mathbb Q}}; \mathbb{Z}_{\ell}) \] for all prime \(\ell\). Here the subscript \(_{\bar{\mathbb Q}}\) refers to base change from \(\mathbb{Q}\) to \(\bar{\mathbb Q}\), and the Galois action is the natural one. As a matter of fact, there exist plenty of these phantom abelian varieties, for instance complex abelian varieties, abelian varietiies over \(\mathbb{F}_p\), a complex abelian varieties by the method of ``irreducibility'' of the monodromy action and phantom abelian varieties by direct algebro-geometric means. The author proposes the following two questions: (1) Can the intermediate Jacobian, i.e., this phantom abelian variety, be constructed as, or at least in terms of-the Albanese variety of some Hilbert scheme geometrically attached to \(X\)? (2) Consider the Kontsevich space \(\mathcal{K}(X, \beta)\) where \(X\) is a smooth three-dimensional hypersurface and \(\beta\in H_2(X, \mathbb{Z})\) a chosen homology class. Here \(\beta\) is the fundamental class of the rational curves in \(X\) that \(\mathcal{K}\) parametrizes; in the case of smooth hypersurfaces, then, \(\beta\) is simply the degree of these rational curves. Let \(J(X; \beta):=\) the Albanese variety of the Kontsevich space \(\mathcal{K}(X; \beta)\). How does \(J(X; \beta)\) depend on \(\beta\)?