Eliminating dual spaces (Q507167): Difference between revisions

Dual spaces provide a local description of an affine scheme and are very well adapted for approximate numerical computations and hybrid symbolic numerical algorithms. For \(\alpha\in \mathbb{Z}^N_{\geq 0}\) and \(y\in \mathbb{C}^N\) define \(\partial^\alpha[y]:\mathbb{C}[x_1, \ldots, x_N]\to \mathbb{C}\) by \(\partial^\alpha[y](g)=(\partial^\alpha g)(y)\) and \(D_y=\text{span}_{\mathbb{C}}\{\partial^\alpha[y]|\alpha\in \mathbb{Z}^N_{\geq 0}\}\). Let \(I\subseteq \mathbb{C}[x_1, \ldots, x_N]\) be an ideal, the Macaulay dual space of \(I\) at \(Y\), is \(D_y[I]=\{q\in D_y | q(g)=0 \text{ for all } g\in I\}\). Eliminating dual spaces are introduced and used to compute dual spaces of quotient ideals. It is proved that \(D_0[I:\langle g\rangle]=g D_0[I]\). Fixing \(A\subseteq \{x_1, \ldots, x_N\}\) the eliminating dual spaces of \(I\) are \(E^d_0[I,A]=\{q\in D_0(I)|\text{ord}_Aq\leq d\}\), here \(\text{ord}_A\partial^\alpha=\sum\limits_{x_i\in A}\alpha_i\) and \(\text{ord}_Aq\) is the maximum of the order of the terms of \(q\). The dual space of \(I\cap \mathbb{C}[x_{m+1}, \ldots, x_N]\) is \(D_0[I]|_{\partial_1=\ldots =\partial_m=0}\) and the eliminating dual \(E^0_0[I, A]\) is the dual of \(I+\langle A\rangle\). An algorithm is developed for detection embedeed points on an algebraic curve.