Third kind elliptic integrals and 1-motives (Q2176103): Difference between revisions

Let \( \mathcal{E} \) be an elliptic curve defined over \( \mathbb{C} \) with Weierstrass coordinate functions \( x \) and \( y \). On \( \mathcal{E} \) we have the differential of the first kind \( \displaystyle{ \omega = \frac{dx}{y} } \), which is holomorphic, the differential of the second kind \(\displaystyle{ \eta=-\frac{xdx}{y}} \), which has a double pole with residue zero at each point of the lattice \( H_1(\mathcal{E}(\mathbb{C}), \mathbb{Z}) \) and no other pole, and the differential of the third kind \( \displaystyle{\xi_Q=\frac{1}{2}\frac{y-y(Q)}{x-x(Q)}\frac{dx}{y}} \), for any point \( Q \) of \( \mathcal{E}(\mathbb{C}) \), \( Q\neq 0 \), whose residue divisor is \( D=-(0)+(-Q) \). Let \( \gamma_1, \gamma_2 \) be two closed paths on \( \mathcal{E}(\mathbb{C}) \) which build a basis for the lattice \( H_1(\mathcal{E}(\mathbb{C}), \mathbb{Q}) \). Then the elliptic integrals of the first kind \( \displaystyle{\int_{\gamma_i} \omega=\omega_i~(i=1,2)} \) are the periods of the Weierstrass \( \wp \)-function: \( \displaystyle{\wp(z+\omega_i)=\wp(z)} \) for \( i=1,2 \). Moreover the elliptic integrals of the second kind \( \displaystyle{\int_{\gamma_i} \eta=\eta_i~(i=1,2)} \) are the quasi-periods of the Weierstrass \( \zeta \)-function: \( \zeta(z+\omega_i)=\zeta(z)+\eta_i \) for \( i=1,2 \). The exponentials of the elliptic integrals of the third kind \( \displaystyle{\xi_Q}=\eta_i q - \omega_i\zeta(q)~ (i=1,2) \) are the quasi-quasi periods of the Serre function \( f_q(z) \): \( f_q(z+\omega_i)=f_q(z)e^{\eta_i q - \omega_i \zeta(q)} \) for \( i=1,2 \). In the paper under review, the author considers an extension \( G \) of \( \mathcal{E} \) by \( \mathbb{G}_m \) parametrized by the residue divisor \( D=-(0)+(-Q) \) of Pic\(^{0}(\mathcal{E}) \cong \mathcal{E}^{*} = \)\underline{Ext}\(^{1}(\mathcal{E}, \mathbb{G}_m) \). Since the differentials \( \{\omega, \eta, \xi_Q\} \) build a basis of the De Rham cohomology \( H^{1}_{dR}(G) \) of extension \( G \), elliptic integrals of the third kind play a role in the Generalized Grothendieck's Period Conjecture (GGPC). The aim of this paper is to understand this role by applying GGPC to \( 1 \)-motives whose underlying semi-abelian variety is a non-trivial extension of a product of elliptic curves by a torus. The paper also includes a letter to the author from Y. André containing an overview of GGPC and its generalization, and an appendix by M. Waldschmidt in which he quotes transcendence results concerning elliptic integrals of the third kind.