Strong proximinality and intersection properties of balls in Banach spaces (Q2264020): Difference between revisions

In this interesting paper, the authors present several results illustrating the close connection between proximinality properties and intersection properties of balls. Let \(X\) be a real Banach space and \(Y\) a closed proximinal subspace. \(Y\) is said to be strongly proximinal if for \(x \in X\) and \(\epsilon >0\), there exists a \(\delta>0\) such that \(P_Y(x,\delta) \subset P_Y(x)+ \epsilon B_Y\). Here \(P_Y(x) = \{y \in Y:d(x,Y) = \|x-y\|\}\), \(P_Y(x,\delta) = \{y \in Y : \|x-y\| < d(x,Y)+\delta\}\) and \(B_Y\) is the closed unit ball of \(Y\). If \(Y\) is also a finite-codimensional subspace, the authors show an interesting duality by proving that \(Y\) is strongly proximinal if and only if \(Y^{\bot\bot} \subset X^{\ast\ast}\) is strongly proximinal. This result has recently been strengthened by the first named author and the reviewer, by considering the strong proximinality of \(Y^{\bot\bot}\) only at points of \(X\). Another notion of proximinality studied here is that of ball proximinality [\textit{P. Bandyopadhyay} et al., in: Banach spaces and their applications in analysis. Proceedings of the international conference, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA, May 22--27, 2006. In honor of Nigel Kalton's 60th birthday. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 251--264 (2007; Zbl 1135.41011)]. A closed subspace \(Y \subset X\) is said to be ball proximinal if \(B_Y\) is a proximinal set. Such a subspace is a proximinal subspace and it is known that the converse is not true. \textit{V. Indumathi} and \textit{S. Lalithambigai} [J. Convex Anal. 18, No. 2, 353--366 (2011; Zbl 1219.46015)] studied intersection properties of balls which yield ball proximinality. The authors point out that their conclusion that \(M\)-ideals are ball proximinal is incorrect and show that in spaces with the \(3\)-binary intersection property (in particular, in Banach spaces \(X\) such that \(X^\ast\) is isometric to \(L^1(\mu)\) for some positive measure \(\mu\)), any \(M\)-ideal is ball proximinal.