On universal formal power series (Q2473915): Difference between revisions

Denote by \(\mathbb{C}[[z]]\) the ring of formal power series with coefficients in \(\mathbb{C}.\) For \(f(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} a_k z^k \in \mathbb{C}[[z]]\) we denote by \(S_n(f)=\sum_{k=0}^{n} a_k z^k\) the \(n-\)th partial sum of \(f.\) The algebra \(\mathbb{C}[[z]]\) is endowed with the increasing sequence of submultiplicative seminorms \( \;\;c_m \left( \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n z^n \right)= \sum_{n=0}^{m}|a_n|,\) \( m \in \mathbb{N},\) defining a Fréchet topology associated to the distance \[ d(f,g)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2^n} \frac{c_n(f-g)}{1+c_n(f-g)}, \quad \text{where \(f\) and \(g\) are in }\mathbb{C}[[z]]. \] Definition. Let \(\omega = (\omega _n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\) be a sequence of strictly positive real numbers satisfying the following condition: \(\forall A \in \mathbb{R}: \quad \omega_0 \omega_1 \ldots \omega_n A^n \rightarrow 0, \quad n \to \infty .\) We denote by \(B_{\omega}\) the weighted backward shift defined by \[ B_{\omega}(1)=0 \quad \text{and} \quad B_{\omega}(z^n)= \frac{1}{\omega_{n-1}}z^{n-1}, \quad n=1,2,\ldots \] (Note that differentiation on \(\mathbb{C}[[z]]\) can be viewed as the weighted backward shift operator). This work deals with a strengthened version of the Seleznev result, which asserts the existence of a power series satisfying universal approximation properties in \(\mathbb{C} \setminus \{0\}.\) The authors establish a double approximation theorem on formal power series using a weighted backward shift operator. More precisely, they introduce the set \(HC(\omega)\) of all formal power series \(h \in \mathbb{C}[[z]]\) satisfying the following condition: for every compact set \(K\subset \mathbb{C}\setminus \{0\}\) with connected complement, for every \(f \in \mathbb{C}[[z]]\) and for every function \(g:K\rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) continuous on \(K\) and holomorphic in the interior of \(K\), there exists a sequence of positive integers \((\lambda _n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) such that the following hold: \[ \sup _{z \in K}|S_{\lambda_n}(h)(z)-g(z)|_{\overrightarrow {n \to \infty}} 0 \quad \text{and} \quad B_{\omega}^{\lambda_n}(h)_{\overrightarrow {n \to \infty}} f \quad \text{in} \quad \mathbb{C}[[z]], \] where \(B_{\omega}^{\lambda_n}\) is the \(\lambda_n\)th iteration of the weighted backward shift. The following theorem is proved. Theorem. The set \(HC(\omega)\) is \(G_{\delta}\) and dense set included in \(\mathbb{C}[[z]].\) Moreover the authors give strong conditions that ensure the existence of common universal series of an uncountable family of weighted backward shift with respect to the simultaneous approximation. They obtain results on admissible growth of coefficients of universal formal power series.