Convex polytopes for the central degeneration of the affine Grassmannian (Q2631947): Difference between revisions

The results of this paper are motivated by the Geometric Langlands Program and the Geometric Satake Theorem, stating the equivalence of the category of $G^\vee(\mathcal{O})$-equivariant perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian associated to a complex algebraic reductive group $G$ and the category of finite dimensional highest weight representations of its Langlands dual group $G^\vee$. More precisely, it is related to the approach developed in [\textit{D. Gaitsgory}, Invent. Math., 144, 253--280 (2001; Zbl 1072.14055)], who gave a geometric construction of a map from the spherical Hecke algebra to the center of the Iwahori Hecke algebra, via a nearby cycles functor from the category of $G(\mathcal{O})$-equivariant perverses sheaves on the affine Grassmannian to the category of equivariant perverse shaves on the affine flag variety. (Here $\mathcal{K}$ denotes the local field of Laurent series $\mathbb{C}((t))$ and $\mathcal{O}$ the ring of integers of power series $\mathbb{C}[[t]]$; the affine Grassmannian is $G(\mathcal{K})/G(\mathcal{O})$ and the affine flag variety is $G(\mathcal{K})/\mathcal{I}$, where $I\subset G(\mathcal{O})$ is the Iwahori subgroup). The author studies the algebraic geometry and combinatorics of the central degeneration in type $A$, namely the $T$-equivariant flat degeneration from the affine Grassmannian to the affine flag variety in the global affine flag variety constructed by Gaitsgory. The main results concern the closures of semi-infinite orbits in the affine Grassmannian and their relations with Levi restriction. Theorem. Let $G =\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C})$ or any matrix Lie group over $\mathbb{C}$. Given the closure of any $N_w(\mathcal{K})$ orbit $\overline{S^\mu_w}$, for $\mu\in X_*(T)$, in the affine Grassmannian, its special fiber limit is the closure of the corresponding $N_w(\mathcal{K})$ orbit $\overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_w}$, for $(\mu,e)\in W_{\mathrm{aff}}$, in the affine flag variety. If $r_P$ denotes the restriction map for a Levi factor $G_J$ of a parabolic subgroup $P^J$, then it is shown that the central degeneration commutes with Levi restriction. Theorem. Let $S^\mu_w$, for $w\in W$, be a semidefinite orbit in the affine Grassmannian of type $A$. Let $P^J\supseteq B_w$ be a parabolic subgroup with Levi factor $G_J$. For any $u$ in the Weyl group $W_J$ of $G_J$, the following diagram commutes. In other words the central degeneration of the closures of semi-infinite orbits commutes with Levi restriction/parabolic retraction. \[ \begin{tikzcd} \overline{S^\mu_{wu}}\subset Gr_G \arrow[r, "\text{deg}"] \arrow[d, "r^{\mu,u}"] & \overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_{wu}}\subset Fl_G \arrow[d, "r^{(\mu,e),u}_P"] \\ \overline{S^\mu_{u,J}}\subset Gr_{G_J} \arrow[r, "\text{deg}"] & \overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_{u,J}}\subset Fl_{G_J} \end{tikzcd} \] In addition, explicit results on the central degenerations of Mirkovic-Vilonen cycles and related transformations of moment polytopes for $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ and for $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{C})$ are obtained.