Convex polytopes for the central degeneration of the affine Grassmannian

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2019.03.021MaRDI QIDQ2631947zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 16 May 2019

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.08641

affine Grassmannian Gaitsgory's central sheaves Levi restriction Mirković-Vilonen cycles moment polytope torus equivariance

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Algebraic cycles (14C25) Fibrations, degenerations in algebraic geometry (14D06) Geometric Langlands program (algebro-geometric aspects) (14D24) Derived categories of sheaves, dg categories, and related constructions in algebraic geometry (14F08) Other algebro-geometric (co)homologies (e.g., intersection, equivariant, Lawson, Deligne (co)homologies) (14F43) Group schemes (14L15) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25)

Abstract: We study the algebraic geometry and combinatorics of the central degeneration (the degeneration that shows up in local models of Shimura varieties and Gaitsgory's central sheaves) in type A. More specifically, we elucidate the central degeneration of semi-infinite orbits and explain its relations with Levi restriction. Also, we discuss the central degeneration of Mirkovi

a c u t e e x t c

-Vilonen cycles in the affine Grassmannian, and the corresponding transformations of Mirkovi

a c u t e e x t c

-Vilonen polytopes. In addition, we shed some light on the geometry of Iwahori MV cycles in the affine Grassmannian and generalized MV cycles in the affine flag variety, which are closely related to Demazure modules and affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties respectively.

Review text

The results of this paper are motivated by the Geometric Langlands Program and the Geometric Satake Theorem, stating the equivalence of the category of $G^\vee(\mathcal{O})$-equivariant perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian associated to a complex algebraic reductive group $G$ and the category of finite dimensional highest weight representations of its Langlands dual group $G^\vee$. More precisely, it is related to the approach developed in [\textit{D. Gaitsgory}, Invent. Math., 144, 253--280 (2001; Zbl 1072.14055)], who gave a geometric construction of a map from the spherical Hecke algebra to the center of the Iwahori Hecke algebra, via a nearby cycles functor from the category of $G(\mathcal{O})$-equivariant perverses sheaves on the affine Grassmannian to the category of equivariant perverse shaves on the affine flag variety. (Here $\mathcal{K}$ denotes the local field of Laurent series $\mathbb{C}((t))$ and $\mathcal{O}$ the ring of integers of power series $\mathbb{C}t$; the affine Grassmannian is $G(\mathcal{K})/G(\mathcal{O})$ and the affine flag variety is $G(\mathcal{K})/\mathcal{I}$, where $I\subset G(\mathcal{O})$ is the Iwahori subgroup). The author studies the algebraic geometry and combinatorics of the central degeneration in type $A$, namely the $T$-equivariant flat degeneration from the affine Grassmannian to the affine flag variety in the global affine flag variety constructed by Gaitsgory. The main results concern the closures of semi-infinite orbits in the affine Grassmannian and their relations with Levi restriction. Theorem. Let $G =\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{C})$ or any matrix Lie group over $\mathbb{C}$. Given the closure of any $N_w(\mathcal{K})$ orbit $\overline{S^\mu_w}$, for $\mu\in X_*(T)$, in the affine Grassmannian, its special fiber limit is the closure of the corresponding $N_w(\mathcal{K})$ orbit $\overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_w}$, for $(\mu,e)\in W_{\mathrm{aff}}$, in the affine flag variety. If $r_P$ denotes the restriction map for a Levi factor $G_J$ of a parabolic subgroup $P^J$, then it is shown that the central degeneration commutes with Levi restriction. Theorem. Let $S^\mu_w$, for $w\in W$, be a semidefinite orbit in the affine Grassmannian of type $A$. Let $P^J\supseteq B_w$ be a parabolic subgroup with Levi factor $G_J$. For any $u$ in the Weyl group $W_J$ of $G_J$, the following diagram commutes. In other words the central degeneration of the closures of semi-infinite orbits commutes with Levi restriction/parabolic retraction. \[ \begin{tikzcd} \overline{S^\mu_{wu}}\subset Gr_G \arrow[r, "\text{deg}"] \arrow[d, "r^{\mu,u}"] & \overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_{wu}}\subset Fl_G \arrow[d, "r^{(\mu,e),u}_P"] \\ \overline{S^\mu_{u,J}}\subset Gr_{G_J} \arrow[r, "\text{deg}"] & \overline{S^{(\mu,e)}_{u,J}}\subset Fl_{G_J} \end{tikzcd} \] In addition, explicit results on the central degenerations of Mirkovic-Vilonen cycles and related transformations of moment polytopes for $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ and for $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbb{C})$ are obtained.

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