The Iwasawa main conjecture for semistable abelian varieties over function fields (Q907939): Difference between revisions

In this article the authors prove an important case of the Iwasawa Main Conjecture (IMC) for abelian varieties over function fields. Let us recall the setting: \(K\) is a global field of positive characteristic \(p\), \(K_\infty^{(p)}\) its unramified \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension (usually called the ``arithmetic extension'' of \(K\)), with \(\Gamma = \mathrm{Gal}(K_\infty^{(p)}/K)\), \(\Lambda = \mathbb{Z}_p [[\Gamma]]\) the Iwasawa algebra, \(Q(\Lambda)\) its field of fractions. As usual, the IMC relates an algebraic object and an analytic object, of which, because of heavy technicalities, we can only give an idea: On the algebraic side, let \(A\) be an abelian variety over \(K\) with semi-stable reduction. The Pontryagin dual \(X_p(A/K_\infty^{(p)})\) of the Selmer group \(\mathrm{Sel}_{p^\infty}(A/K_\infty^{(p)})\) is finitely generated and torsion over \(\Lambda\), with characteristic ideal generated by a characteristic element \(c_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}\in\Lambda/ \Lambda^\times\). Define \(f_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}} \in Q(\Lambda)/ \Lambda^\times\) as the alternating product of the characteristic elements of the duals of the cohomology groups a certain pair of complexes attached to \(\pi : C_\infty \to C\), the pro-étale covering with Galois group \(\Gamma\) of the smooth proper geometrically connected curve \(C\) which is the model of \(K\) over its field of constants \(\mathbb{F}\) ([\textit{K. Kato} and \textit{F. Trihan}, Invent. Math. 153, No. 3, 537--592 (2003; Zbl 1046.11047)]). The quotient \(f_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}/c_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}\) has an arithmetic meaning which we do not recall here. On the analytic side, let \(Z\) be the finite set of points where \(A\) has bad reduction; for any Artin character \(\omega : \Gamma \to \overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p^{\times}\), let \(L_Z(A,\omega,s)\) denote the twisted Hasse-Weil \(L\)-function of \(A\) with the local factors at \(Z\) taken away. Let \(C^\#\) be the log-scheme obtained by endowing \(C\) with the log structure induced by the smooth divisor \(Z\), and \(D\) the (covariant) log Dieudonné crystal over \(C^\# /W(\mathbb{F})\) associated with \(A/K\) as constructed by Kato-Trihan [loc. cit.]. The authors define a ``\(p\)-adic \(L\)-function'' \(\mathcal{L}_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}\in Q(\Lambda)\) as an alternating product of the determinants of the action of ``1-Frobenius'' on the log crystalline cohomology of \(D(-Z)\), also equal to a product of terms \((1-\alpha_{ij} Fr_q)\), where \(Fr_q\) is a topological generator of \(\Gamma\) and the coefficients \(\alpha_{ij}\) are Weil numbers of weight \(-1\) (resp. 0) if \(i = 0\) (resp. 1). They show the interpolation formula \(\omega(\mathcal{L}_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}) = L_Z(A,\omega^{-1},1)\) (note that this implicitly implies that the denominator of \(\mathcal{L}_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}\) is not killed by \(\omega\)). In this setting, the authors prove the IMC for an abelian variety \(A\) with at worst semi-stable reduction relative to the arithmetic extension \(K_\infty^{(p)}/K\), which states that \(\mathcal{L}_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}} = f_{A/K_\infty^{(p)}}\) in \(Q(\Lambda)/ \Lambda^\times\). Finally they investigate the consequences of their main theorem in the direction of a \(p\)-adic Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. It seems difficult at the present to do without the semi-stable hypothesis.