Selmer groups over \(\mathbb Z_p^d\)-extensions (Q2509878)

Let \(K\) be a global field (of any characteristic) and \(A/K\) an abelian variety. For any \(d\geqslant 0\) let \(L_d/K\) be a \(\mathbb{Z}_p^d\)-extension unramified outside a finite set of places \(S\) (\(p\) is a prime, possibly equal to the characteristic of \(K\)) with Galois group \(\Gamma_d\) and associated Iwasawa algebra \(\Lambda_d:=\mathbb{Z}_p[[\Gamma_d]]\). For any finite extension \(F/K\) let \(\text{Sel}(A/F):=\text{Sel}_{p^\infty}(A/F)\) be the \(p\)-part of the Selmer group of \(A\) over \(F\): define \(\text{Sel}(A/L_d)\) as the direct limit of the \(\text{Sel}(A/F)\) as \(F\) varies through the finite subextensions of \(L_d\) and let \(X_{L_d}\) be its Pontryagin dual. Then \(X_{L_d}\) is a \(\Lambda_d\)-module and, if no prime of \(S\) is of supersingular reduction for \(A\) when \(\text{char}(K)=p\), it is finitely generated and associated to a well defined characteristic ideal \(Ch_{\Lambda_d}(X_{L_d})\). The main result of the paper under review is an equation relating \(\pi^{\Lambda_d}_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(Ch_{\Lambda_d}(X_{L_d}))\) and \(Ch_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(X_{L_{d-1}})\) (\textit{descent equation}) for any \(\mathbb{Z}_p^{d-1}\)-extension \(L_{d-1}/K\) contained in \(L_d\,\), where \(\pi^{\Lambda_d}_{\Lambda_{d-1}}\) denotes the natural projection between Iwasawa algebras. The left hand side of the diagram \[ \begin{tikzcd}[column sep=2.5cm] \mathrm{Sel}(A/L_{d-1}) \dar\rar["\text{[r][d]}^\alpha"] & H^1(L_{d-1},A[p^\infty]) \dar\rar["\text{[r][d]}^\beta"] & \mathcal{G}(L_{d-1})\dar\\ \mathrm{Sel}(A/L_d)\rar["\mathrm{Gal}(L_d/L_{d-1})\text{[r]}" '] & H^1(L_d,A[p^\infty])\rar["\mathrm{Gal}(L_d/L_{d-1})\text{[r]}" '] & \mathcal{G}(L_d)^{\mathrm{Gal}(L_d/L_{d-1})} \end{tikzcd} \] (where \(\mathcal{G}(L_\star)\subseteq \prod_v H^1(L_{\star,v},A)[p^\infty]\) is the image of the product of the natural local restrictions), after dualization, provides a map \(X_{L_d}/I^d_{d-1} \longrightarrow X_{L_{d-1}}\), where \(I^d_{d-1}:=\ker(\pi^{\Lambda_d}_{\Lambda_{d-1}})\) is the augmentation ideal. The author proves several results in flat and Galois cohomology to compute the characteristic ideals (over \(\Lambda_{d-1}\,\)) of the modules appearing in the snake lemma sequence of the diagram above. In particular the study of \(\ker(\gamma)\), which is a product of local kernels, requires to distinguish between primes according to the reduction of \(A\) and to their behaviour in \(L_d/L_{d-1}\) or \(L_d/K\) in general: for \(\text{char}(K)=p\), here is where the hypothesis of no supersingular reduction at ramified primes becomes essential because the author (extending some results of \textit{J. Coates} and \textit{R. Greenberg} [Invent. Math. 124, No. 1--3, 129--174 (1996; Zbl 0858.11032)]) shows that \(ker(\gamma)\) has infinite \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-corank in that case. These computations give two ideals \(\theta_{L_d/L_{d-1}}\) and \(\rho_{L_d/L_{d-1}}\) of \(\Lambda_{d-1}\) (for an explicit description see Section 1.3 of the paper) for which the following equation hold \[ \theta_{L_d/L_{d-1}}\cdot Ch_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(X_{L_{d-1}}) = \rho_{L_d/L_{d-1}}\cdot Ch_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(X_{L_d}/I^d_{d-1}). \] Then an (easier) relation between \(Ch_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(X_{L_d}/I^d_{d-1})\) and \(\pi^{\lambda_d}_{\Lambda_{d-1}}(Ch_{\Lambda_d}(X_{L_d}))\) concludes the proof. The paper also provides several applications to the structure of \(X_{L_d}\,\), which is shown to be a torsion \(\Lambda_d\)-module if \(\text{char}(K)=p\) and \(L_d\) contains the \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of the constant field of \(K\) (extending a result of \textit{T. Ochiai} and \textit{F. Trihan} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 146, No.~1, 23--43 (2009; Zbl 1156.14037).]), to the growth of the \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-corank of \(\text{Sel}(A/K_n)\) as \(K_n\) varies through some finite subextensions of \(L_d\,\), and to the Iwasawa Main Conjecture and algebraic functional equations for constant abelian varieties (again in the case \(\text{char}(K)=p\)) which are proved in [\textit{K.F. Lai, I. Longhi, K.-S. Tan} and \textit{F. Trihan}, \url{arXiv:1205.5945}].