Entire nonradial solutions for non-cooperative coupled elliptic system with critical exponents in \(\mathbb R^3\) (Q2441983): Difference between revisions

In this interesting paper, the authors consider the following coupled elliptic system \[ -\Delta u=\mu_1 u^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}}+\beta u^{\frac{2}{N-2}}v^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \;\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N, \] \[ -\Delta v=\mu_2 v^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}}+\beta v^{\frac{2}{N-2}}u^{\frac{N}{N-2}} \;\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N, \] \[ u,v>0, \] and, for \(N=3\), they establish the existence of infinitely many nonradial solutions with finite energy in the space \(\mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\times \mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N) \). Here \(\mu_1,\mu_2\) are positive constants and \(\beta<0\) is the coupling constant. The proof is carried out by linearizing the system around the approximation solution \[ (u_*(y),v_*(y))=\left(\left(\frac{3}{\mu_1}\right)^{\frac{1}{4}}\left(\frac{1}{1+|y|^2}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}, \left(\frac{3}{\mu_1}\right)^{\frac{1}{4}}\sum_{j=1}^k\left(\frac{\epsilon_k}{\epsilon_k^2+|y-x_j|^2}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \right), \] where \[ x_j=\left(\sqrt{1-\epsilon_k^2}\cos\left(\frac{2(j-1)\pi}{k}\right),\sqrt{1-\epsilon_k^2}\sin\left(\frac{2(j-1)\pi}{k}\right),0\right) \] for \(j=1,\dots,k\) and \(\epsilon_k\sim k^{-15}\ln^{-2}k\). Then, the authors prove, via the Banach fixed point theorem, that for \(k\geq k_0\), with \(k_0\) large enough, the linearized system admits a solution \((\psi_k,\phi_k)\in \mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\times \mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) such that \[ \lim_{k\rightarrow \infty}\sup_{y\in \mathbb{R}^3}\{(1+|y|)^{2\frac{(q-1)}{q}}(|\phi_k(y)|+|\psi_k(y)|)\}=0 \] where \(\frac{3}{2}<q<\frac{90}{59}\). Therefore, the system admits infinitely many positive nonradial solutions of the form \(u_k=u_*+\psi_k\), \(v_k=v_*+\phi_k\). Some very careful estimates of weighted norms of the data terms are established by the authors in order to show that the inverse of the linear operator associated to the linearized system is a contraction between a suitable subset of \(\mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\times \mathcal{D}^{1,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)\).