A categorical approach to cyclic duality. (Q446422): Difference between revisions

The main result of this paper is an analog of Connes's cyclic duality. The starting point of the paper is the following elementary observation. Consider the 2-category \(\mathcal T\) freely generated by a monad. \(\mathcal T\) has a single 0-cell \(o\), a non-identity 1-cell \(t\colon o\to o\) and its iterated horizontal composites, and 2-cell given by composites of non-identity 2-cells \(\eta\colon o\to t\) and \(\mu\colon t\circ t\to t\) satisfying the usual associativity and unit conditions. Monads then correspond to 2-functors \(K\colon\mathcal T\to\mathbf{Cat}\). The monad corresponding to \(K\) is \((Kt,K\mu,K\eta)\) on the category \(Ko\). Similar constructions can be performed, where the 2-category \(\mathcal T\) is replaced by a more complicated 2-category. An important example is the 2-category \(\mathcal S\), with three 0-cells \(o\), \(c\) and \(d\), generated by two monads on \(o\) related by a distributive law \(\phi\) and a \(\mathcal S(\phi,c)\) algebra in \(\mathcal S(o,c)\) and a \(\mathcal S(d,\phi)\)-algebra in \(\mathcal S(d,o)\). Then the authors consider the category \(\mathcal A\). It is the opposite of the category of 2-functors from \(\mathcal S\) to \(\mathbf{Cat}\). The first main result of the paper is the existence of a functor \(\mathcal Z^*\colon\mathcal A\to\overline{\mathcal P}\), the category of para-cocyclic objects in the category of functors. As a consequence, every object of \(\mathcal A\) determines a functor from a category \(\mathcal D\) to the category of para-cocyclic objects in a category \(\mathcal C\). This provides a powerful tool to construct para-cocyclic objects, which is illustrated by a list of eight examples; some of these examples already appear in the literature, but here they are presented within a unified framework. For example, one can associate an object of \(\mathcal A\) to any left module algebra over a left bialgebroid. In a similar way, we can construct para-cyclic objects. To this end, let \(\mathcal B\) be the opposite category of 2-functors from the vertical opposite of the 2-category \(\mathcal S\) to \(\mathbf{Cat}\), and let \(\underline{\mathcal P}\) be the category of para-cyclic objects in the category of functors. Then there is a functor \(\mathcal Z_*\colon\mathcal B\to\underline{\mathcal P}\). Again, this is illustrated by a list of 8 examples, parallel to the list in para-cocyclic case. The final main result is now a duality theorem that connects the two constructions. The categories \(\mathcal A\) and \(\mathcal B\) have full subcategories \(\mathcal A^\times\) and \(\mathcal B^\times\) consisting of objects having the property that the structure natural transformations are isomorphisms, and these have in turn two other full subcategories \(\mathcal A^\times_c\) and \(\mathcal B^\times_c\). Then there are functors \(\mathcal A^\times_c\to\mathcal B^\times\) and \(\mathcal B^\times_c\to\mathcal A^\times\) that are compatible with \(\mathcal Z^*\) and \(\mathcal Z_*\) up to natural isomorphism. This duality can be specialized for each of the 8 examples.