Une méthode pour minorer les exposants de Lyapounov et quelques exemples montrant le caractère local d'un théorème d'Arnold et de Moser sur le tore de dimension 2 (Q760076): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\neq \emptyset\) be a metrisable compact space, \(g: X\to X\) a continuous map, m a probability Radon measure on X, B a Banach algebra and \(A: X\to B\) a continuous map. Let us denote \(A^ k_ g(x)=A(g^{k- 1}(x))...A(x)\), \(k\geq 1\), \(x\in X\). The maximal Lyapunov exponent of the system (g,m,A) is defined by \[ \lambda_+(g,m,A)=\underline{\lim}_{k\to +\infty}(1/k)\int_{X}\log \| A^ k_ g(x)\| dm(x)\in [-\infty,+\infty). \] If (g,A) has a ''partial hyperbolic structure'', then \(\lambda_+(g,m,A)>0\) for all m. The main aim of the paper is to give a general procedure to construct systems (g,m,A) such that (g,A) does not have ''partial hyperbolic structure'', but \(\lambda_+(g,m,A)>0\). The main tool consists in the following theorem, which can be considered the abstract skeleton of the example from [the author, Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 1, 65-76 (1981; Zbl 0469.58008)]: Let \({\mathbb{D}}^ n\) be the closed unit polydisc in \({\mathbb{C}}^ n\), \({\mathbb{T}}^ n=\{z\in {\mathbb{C}}^ n;| z_ j| =1\) for all \(j=1,...,n\}\), m the Haar measure on \({\mathbb{T}}^ n\) and f a \({\mathbb{C}}^ n\)-valued analytic map on a neighbourhood of \({\mathbb{D}}^ n\), such that \(f({\mathbb{D}}^ n)\subset {\mathbb{D}}^ n\), \(f({\mathbb{T}}^ n)\subset {\mathbb{T}}^ n\), \(f(0)=0\). Let further A be an analytic map from a neighbourhood of \({\mathbb{D}}^ n\) in a complex Banach algebra B. Then \[ \lambda_+(f| {\mathbb{T}}^ n,m,A| {\mathbb{T}}^ n)\geq \log (spectral\quad radius\quad of\quad A(0)). \] A great number of significant examples are produced, some of them show also that the theorem of Arnold and Moser on \({\mathbb{T}}^ n\) has for \(n\geq 2\) a local character in contrast with the case \(n=1\) [the author, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Etud. Sci. 49, 5-233 (1979; Zbl 0448.58019)]. We have to mention also that a rotation number function is defined and studied for homeomorphisms of the form \(X\times {\mathbb{T}}^ 1\ni (x,\theta)\mapsto (g(x),h(x)(\theta))\in X\times {\mathbb{T}}^ 1\), where X is a metrisable compact space, \(g: X\to X\) a homeomorphism and h a continuous map from X to the topological group of all orientation preserving homeomorphisms of \({\mathbb{T}}^ 1\), such that h is homotopic to the constant map taking the value \(id_{{\mathbb{T}}^ 1}\).