Normal forms for nonautonomous differential equations (Q1604513): Difference between revisions

The author extends Henry Poincaré's normal form theory for autonomous differential equations \(\dot x=f(x)\) to nonautonomous differential equations \(\dot x=f(t,x)\) of Carathéodory type. Poincaré's nonresonance condition \(\lambda_j -\sum _{i=1}^n \ell _i \lambda _i \neq 0\) for eigenvalues \(\lambda_j\), \(\ell_i \in \mathbb{N}_0\), \(\sum_i^n \ell_i\geq 2 \), is generalized to the new nonresonance condition \(\lambda _j \cap \sum _{i=1}^n \ell _i \lambda _i=\emptyset\) for the pairwise disjoint spectral intervals \(\lambda _j\) where \(\bigcup_{i=1}^n\lambda _j \) is the dichotomy spectrum of the linearized equation \(\dot x=D_x f(t,\mu_0 (t)) x\) along a reference solution \(\mu _0\).