The inversion formula for automorphisms of the Weyl algebras and polynomial algebras (Q878668): Difference between revisions

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic zero, \(A_n\) be the \(n\)th Weyl algebra over \(K\), and \(P_m\) be a polynomial algebra in \(m\) variables over \(K\). Let \(\Aut_K(A_n\otimes P_m)\) denote the group of \(K\)-algebra automorphisms of the algebra \(A_n\otimes P_m\). The author characterizes \(A_n\otimes P_m\) by showing that an algebra \(A\) admits a finite set \(\delta_1, \dots, \delta_s\) of commuting locally nilpotent derivations for which the intersections \(\bigcap_{i\in I}\ker \delta_i\) are distinct for different non-empty subsets \(I\) of \(\{1, \ldots, s\}\) and \(\bigcap_{i=1}^s\ker(\delta_i) = K\) if and only if \(A\simeq A_n\otimes P_m\) for some \(n\) and \(m\) with \(2n+m = s\). He provides an inversion formula for elements of \(\Aut_K(A_n\otimes P_m)\) in the following sense: (briefly) given \(x'\in Ax\) where \(A \in {\text{GL}}_m(K)\) (so that \(x'_i = \sum_{j=1}^ma_{ij}x_j\) where \(a_{ij} = \delta x_i/\delta x_j \in K\)), then \(x = A^{-1}x' =(\delta x_i/\delta x_j)^{-1}x' = (\det A)^{-1}(\Delta_{ij})x'\) where \(\Delta_{ij}\) are complementary minors for the matrix \((\delta x_i/\delta x_j)\). Then, using non-holonomic \(\mathcal D\)-modules, he shows that if \(\sigma \in \Aut_K(A_n\otimes P_m)\) then \(\deg \sigma^{-1}\leq (\deg \sigma)^{2n+m-1}.\) This generalizes a result of \textit{H. Bass, E. H. Connell} and \textit{D. Wright}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 7, 287--330 (1982; Zbl 0539.13012)]. Combining the Jacobian conjecture with the Dixmier problem (the latter appearing as problem 1 in [\textit{J. Dixmier}, Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 96, 209--242 (1968; Zbl 0165.04901)]), gives the following question: (\textbf{JD}) Is a \(K\)-algebra endomorphism \(\sigma\) on \(A_n\otimes P_m\) in \({\text{Aut}}_K(A_n\otimes P_m)\) if \(\sigma(P_m)\subseteq P_m\) and \(\det(\delta x_i/\delta x_j)\in K\setminus \{0\}\)? Then it follows from the inversion formula that (\textbf{JD}) has an affirmative answer if and only if either of the Jacobian conjecture and the Dixmier problem has likewise. The author also gives an inversion formula for automorphisms of an algebra of formal power series \(K[[x_1, \dots, x_m]]\) and provides a distinguishing criterion for elements in \(\Aut_K(A_n\otimes P_m)\) which generalizes one given for \(\Aut_K(P_m)\), using so-called face polynomials, by \textit{J. H. McKay} and \textit{S. S.-S. Wang} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 52, 103--119 (1988; Zbl 0664.13001)].