Extended hierarchies of invariant fiber bundles for dynamic equations on measure chains (Q609439): Difference between revisions

The author is concerned with a linear autonomous difference equation (recursion) \[ x_{n+1}=Ax_{n} \] in a complex Banach space \({\mathcal X}\), where the linear bounded operator \(A:{\mathcal X}\rightarrow{\mathcal X}\) is pseudo-hyperbolic, that is, the spectrum \(\Sigma(A) \subset\mathbb C\) of \(A\) can be separated into two nonempty subsets \(\Sigma_1, \Sigma_2\) with \(|\lambda|<\alpha\) for all \(\lambda\in\Sigma_1\), \(|\lambda|>\beta\) for all \(\lambda\in\Sigma_2\) and for some real numbers \(0<\alpha<\beta\). The main contributions in this interesting paper are the Theorems 3.3 and 4.2. They provide a theoretical framework to study the persistence of hierarchies of invariant manifolds under numerical discretization. The first result is a flexible and general version of the Hadamard-Perron theorem, where the invariant manifolds generalize to so-called invariant fiber bundles. This theorem applies to nonautonomus, noninvertible dynamic equations on nearly arbitrary time scales. Their linear part is allowed to be pseudo-hyperbolic in terms of an exponential dichotomy with not necessarily constant growth rates. The nonlinearities can depend on parameters from general metric spaces. Replacing the dichotomy assumption on the linear part by a more general exponential splitting of the extended state space, the author proves the second principal result that ensures the existence of extended hierarchies of invariant fiber bundles for dynamic equations on time scales beyond the real or integer numbers.