Behaviour at infinity of solutions of some linear functional equations in normed spaces (Q2510422): Difference between revisions

The study of various types of linear equations or closely related to them has re-attracted some attention recently, see \textit{J. Brzdȩk} et al. [Fixed Point Theory 13, No. 2, 347--356 (2012; Zbl 1282.39026)]. \textit{S. Stević} [Appl. Math. Comput. 218, No. 19, 9831--9838 (2012; Zbl 1245.39001)] studied the relationship between the boundedness of a solution of a difference equation with discrete or continuous argument and the behaviour of the difference operator at infinity and a related problem for some linear functional equations with real argument and complex-valued solutions [\textit{S. Stević}, Appl. Math. Comput. 219, No. 11, 6134--6141 (2013; Zbl 1273.39027)]. The authors continue this line of research by studying a related problem for some linear functional equations in normed spaces. If \(\phi : I \to I\), \( I \subset {\mathbb{R}}\), is a function, then we define inductively the operator \(\phi^n\) by \(\phi^n = \phi \circ \phi^{n-1}\), \( n \in {\mathbb{N}}\), where \(\phi^0 (t) = t\). Let \({\mathbb{K}} \in \{ {\mathbb{R}}, {\mathbb{C}}\}\), \(I = (d, \infty)\), \(\phi : I \to I\) be unbounded continuous and increasing, \(X\) be a normed space over \(\mathbb{K}\), \({\mathcal{F}}: = \{ f\in X^I : \lim_{t\to \infty} f(t) \) exists in \(X \}\), \(\hat{a} \in {\mathbb{K}}\), \({\mathcal{A}} (\hat{a}) : = \{ \alpha \in {\mathbb{K}}^I : \lim_{t\to \infty} \alpha(t) = \hat{a}\}\), and \({\mathcal{X}} : = \{x\in X^I : \lim \sup_{t\to \infty} \|x(t)\| < \infty \}\). The authors prove that the limit \(\lim_{t\to\infty} x(t)\) exists for every \(f\in {\mathcal{F}} , \alpha \in {\mathcal{A}}(\hat{a})\) and every solution \(x\in {\mathcal{X}}\) of the functional equation \[ x(\phi(t)) = \alpha(t) x(t) + f(t) \] if and only if \(|\hat{a}| \neq 1\). Using this result, the authors study the behaviour of bounded at infinity solutions of the functional equation \[ x(\phi^k (t)) = \sum_{j=0}^{k-1} \alpha_j (t) x(\phi^j (t)) + f(t) , \] under some conditions posed on functions \(\alpha_j (t)\), \(j=0, 1, \dots, k-1\), \(\phi\) and \(f\).