2-nilpotent real section conjecture (Q2439294): Difference between revisions

Recall that a \textit{real algebraic curve} can be regarded as a complex algebraic curve \(X\) equipped with an action of the Galois group \(G:=\mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb C/\mathbb R)\cong\mathbb Z/2\) so that the non-trivial element~\(c\) of this group acts anti-holomorphically. The \textit{real part} \(X(\mathbb R)\) is the fixed locus of~\(c\). Let \(\pi:=\pi_1(X)\), and let \(\pi^{\mathrm{orb}}\) be the orbifold fundamental group of the quotient \(X/c\); we have a homotopy exact sequence \(1\to\pi\to\pi^{\mathrm{orb}}\to G\to1\). Let, further, \(\pi=[\pi]_1\supset[\pi]_2\supset[\pi]_3\supset\dots\) be the lower central series of~\(\pi\). In this notation, the principal result of the paper is the following theorem: Let \(X\) be a geometrically connected based real algebraic curve such that each component of its normalization has real points. Then there is a bijection between the set \(\pi_0(X(\mathbb R))\) and that of conjugacy classes of sections of \(1\to\pi/[\pi]_2\to\pi^{\mathrm{orb}}/[\pi]_2\to G\to1\) lifting to sections of \(1\to\pi/[\pi]_3\to\pi^{\mathrm{orb}}/[\pi]_3\to G\to1\). A similar statement holds true if the topological fundamental groups are replaced with their étale versions.