Self-conjugate \((s,s+d,\dots ,s+pd)\)-core partitions and free Motzkin paths (Q2115264): Difference between revisions

There has been considerable interest in recent years in core partitions, which have applications in representation theory and number theory. For a sequence \((s_1,s_2,\dots,s_p)\) of distinct positive integers, we say that a partition is an \((s_1,s_2,\dots,s_p)\)-core if it is simultaneously an \(s_1\)-core, an \(s_2\)-core, \(\ldots\), and an \(s_p\)-core. In [the first author et al., Adv. Appl. Math. 121, Article ID 102096, 17 p. (2020; Zbl 1456.05010)], the authors enumerated the \((s,s + d,\ldots,s + pd)\)-core partitions by giving a lattice path interpretation. A free Motzkin path of type \((s, t)\) is a path from \((0, 0)\) to \((s, t)\) consisting of up steps \(U=(1,1)\), down steps \(D=(1,-1)\), and flat steps \(F=(1,0)\). In this paper, for \(p>1\) and relatively prime positive integers \(s\) and \(d\), the authors introduce the \((s + d, d; a)\)-abacus diagram, define the \((s + d, d; a)\)-abacus function of a self-conjugate partition and establish a bijection between the set of self-conjugate \((s,s+d,\dots,s+pd)\)-core partitions and the set of free Motzkin paths with appropriate conditions.