Double Yangian and the universal \(R\)-matrix (Q2303700): Difference between revisions

This paper concerns the Yangian of the Lie algebra of the general linear group, \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) and its quantum double \(DY(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\). While these objects have been defined in the literature before, this paper provides many details and theorems that were hitherto undocumented. In general, it is a very thorough discussion of the topic, filling in several details that have been left as folklore in the community. Furthermore, the first several sections give a very good and explicit definition of the Yangian, as well as its Hopf algebra structure. This is an excellent article for someone entering into the field of Yangians and quantum groups who wishes to see statements worked out explicitly. In particular, this paper reviews the Hopf algebra structure of \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), and shows, by application of the classical Poincaire-Birkhoff-Witt Theorem, that given any set of generators (with a linear ordering) of \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), any element of the Yangian can be written as a linear combination of these generators the respects the linear order (Theorem 8.3). The proof of this result, as presented in this paper is given in terms of vector and covector representations of \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), and showing that the intersections of the kernels of all said representations are trivial (Propositions 8.1 and 8.2). Then the author defines the dual of this Hopf algebra, \(Y^*(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), which is not a Hopf algebra, as the antipodal map is only well defined on the completion, \(Y^\circ(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) (Proposition 10.1 and subsequent text). From here, the author gives several interesting pairing of the dual space to the Yangian. For instance, while the pairing \(Y^*(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N) \otimes Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) is only a bialgebra, it is is non-degenerate (Theorem 12.4). The pairing \(Y^\circ(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N) \otimes Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), is a Hopf algebra, as expected, as is the pairing with the graded dual \(\textrm{gr}Y^*(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N) \otimes Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) (Proposition 12.2, 12.3). Then the universal R-matrix for the Yangian \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) is an element of \(\textrm{gr}Y^\circ(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N) \otimes Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) (Equation 13.5). Finally, the author gives an explicit definition of the double Yangian, \(DY(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\), in terms of generators of the Yangian (\(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\)) and its dual (\(Y^*(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\)) (Theorem 14.4). Finally, the author shows that the necessary homomorphisms from \(Y(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) and \(Y^*(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) to \(DY(\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}_N)\) are injective (Corrollary 15.4).