Quasi-periodic perturbations within the reversible context 2 in KAM theory (Q441335): Difference between revisions

Consider a finite-dimensional connected manifold \({\mathcal M}\), a smooth involution \(G: {\mathcal M} \rightarrow {\mathcal M}\), which fixed points are denoted by \(\text{Fix}\,G\), and a non-autonomous quasi-periodic vector field \(V_t(a)={\mathcal V}(a,\Omega t)\), \(\Omega \in {\mathbb R}^N\), ``reversible'' with respect to the involution \(G\), that is \(a(t)\) is a solution of \(\dot{a}=V_t(a)\) whenever \(G(a(-t))\) is. In addition, the flow depends on an external parameter \(\nu \in {\mathcal N} \subset {\mathbb R}^s\) as well as on a small perturbation parameter \(\varepsilon\). Let \({\mathcal T} \subset {\mathcal M}\) be an unperturbed (\(\varepsilon=0\)), \(n\)-dimensional torus, invariant both under the flow \(\dot{a}=V_t(a)\) and \(G\), and carrying conditionally periodic motions with frequency vector \(\omega \in {\mathbb R}^n\). This torus is supposed to be ``reducible'': in some coordinate frame \((x,\mathrm{w})\), \(x \in {\mathbb T}^n=({\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z})^n\), \(\text{w} \in {\mathcal W} \subset {\mathbb R}^{\dim {\mathcal M}-n}\), the dynamical system has the form \(\dot{x}=\omega + O(|\text{w}|)\), \(\dot{\text{w}}= L \text{w} + O(|{\text{w}}|^2)\), with a \(x\)-independent matrix \(L \in \text{gl}(\dim {\mathcal M}-n,{\mathbb R})\); the torus is \({\mathcal T}=\{ (x,0): x \in {\mathbb T}^n \}\). List the eigenvalues of \(L\), so-called Floquet exponents: \(0,\dots,0\) (\(m\) times), \(\pm \alpha_1,\dots,\pm \alpha_{d_1}\), \(\pm i\beta_1,\dots,\pm i\beta_{d_2}\), \(\pm \gamma_1 \pm i\delta_1,\dots, \pm \gamma_{d_3} \pm i\delta_{d_3}\), where each \(\alpha_j\), \(\beta_j\), \(\gamma_j\) and \(\delta_j\) is real, positive and depends analytically on the parameter \(\nu\). The author proves the following theorem. Assume \(d_1+d_2+2d_3 = \dim \operatorname{Fix}G\), the vectors \(\omega\), \(\Omega\) and \((\beta_1,\dots,\beta_{d_2}, \delta_1,\dots,\delta_{d_3})_{|\nu=\nu_0}\) satisfy some Diophantine condition, the mapping \(\nu \mapsto (L(\nu),\beta_j(\nu),\delta_j(\nu))\) is submersive at the point \(\nu=\nu_0\), and \(s \geq n+m+d_2+d_3\). Then for every sufficiently small \(\varepsilon\), there exists a \((s-n-m-d_2-d_3)\)-dimensional surface \({\mathcal S}_\varepsilon\) of reducible invariant \((n+N)\)-tori carrying Diophantine quasi-periodic motions with frequency vector \((\omega,\Omega)\). The first \(m\) Floquet exponents of these tori are equal to \(0\), and the next imaginary parts satisfy \(\beta_j(\nu,\varepsilon)=\beta_j(\nu_0,0)\), \(\delta_j(\nu,\varepsilon)=\delta_j(\nu_0,0)\) for all \(j\). It is also possible to preserve arbitrary \(\kappa\) real parts \(\alpha_j\) or \(\gamma_j\) but then the dimension of \({\mathcal S}_\varepsilon\) decreases with \(\kappa\).