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The celebrated construction due to Golod and Shafarevich gives an infinite dimensional algebra satisfying some prescribed relations. Some of its corollaries include the construction of a nil, finitely generated algebra which is not nilpotent, and this led to a straightforward negative answer to the general Burnside problem. The so-called Golod-Shafarevich algebras have been extensively studied but nevertheless there are many open problems concerning their structure and growth. The paper under review constructs an algebra in the following way. Assume \(K\) is an algebraically closed field, and \(A\) the free associative algebra freely generated over \(K\) by two elements \(x\) and \(y\). Take homogeneous elements \(f_1,f_2,\ldots\), in \(A\) and let \(I\) be the ideal in \(A\) generated by these elements. Suppose there are \(r_n\) of these elements whose degrees are \(>2^n\) and \(\leq 2^{n+1}\), and moreover for \(i<8\), all \(r_i=0\). Let \(Y=\{n\mid r_n\neq 0\}\). Impose further the following two conditions. 1. There is no \(f_i\) such that \(\deg f_i=k\in[2^n-2^{n-3},2^n+2^{n-2}]\) for some positive integer \(n\). 2. If \(m,n\in Y\cup\{0\}\) and \(m<n\) then \(2^{3n+4}r_m^{33}<r_n<2^{2^{n-m-3}}\) and \(r_n<2^{2^{n/2-4}}\). Then there exists an algebra \(R\) which is a homomorphic image of \(A/I\) such that: 1. \(R\) is graded and infinite dimensional. 2. If for each \(n\) one denotes by \(k\) the largest positive integer in \(Y\) with \(k\leq 2\log n\) then \(\dim R_n\leq 8n^4r_k^{33}\) (here \(R_n\) stands for the span of all elements of degree \(\leq n\) in \(R\)). 3. If \(j\in Y\) and \(j\leq\log n\) then \(r_j^4\leq 2\dim R_n\). The above example provides algebras with subexponential growth satisfying given relations. An example of a nil algebra with neither polynomial nor exponential growth is also given. Further consequences of the above construction are also given. | |||
Property / review text: The celebrated construction due to Golod and Shafarevich gives an infinite dimensional algebra satisfying some prescribed relations. Some of its corollaries include the construction of a nil, finitely generated algebra which is not nilpotent, and this led to a straightforward negative answer to the general Burnside problem. The so-called Golod-Shafarevich algebras have been extensively studied but nevertheless there are many open problems concerning their structure and growth. The paper under review constructs an algebra in the following way. Assume \(K\) is an algebraically closed field, and \(A\) the free associative algebra freely generated over \(K\) by two elements \(x\) and \(y\). Take homogeneous elements \(f_1,f_2,\ldots\), in \(A\) and let \(I\) be the ideal in \(A\) generated by these elements. Suppose there are \(r_n\) of these elements whose degrees are \(>2^n\) and \(\leq 2^{n+1}\), and moreover for \(i<8\), all \(r_i=0\). Let \(Y=\{n\mid r_n\neq 0\}\). Impose further the following two conditions. 1. There is no \(f_i\) such that \(\deg f_i=k\in[2^n-2^{n-3},2^n+2^{n-2}]\) for some positive integer \(n\). 2. If \(m,n\in Y\cup\{0\}\) and \(m<n\) then \(2^{3n+4}r_m^{33}<r_n<2^{2^{n-m-3}}\) and \(r_n<2^{2^{n/2-4}}\). Then there exists an algebra \(R\) which is a homomorphic image of \(A/I\) such that: 1. \(R\) is graded and infinite dimensional. 2. If for each \(n\) one denotes by \(k\) the largest positive integer in \(Y\) with \(k\leq 2\log n\) then \(\dim R_n\leq 8n^4r_k^{33}\) (here \(R_n\) stands for the span of all elements of degree \(\leq n\) in \(R\)). 3. If \(j\in Y\) and \(j\leq\log n\) then \(r_j^4\leq 2\dim R_n\). The above example provides algebras with subexponential growth satisfying given relations. An example of a nil algebra with neither polynomial nor exponential growth is also given. Further consequences of the above construction are also given. / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Plamen Koshlukov / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16P90 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16S15 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16W50 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16R10 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16P40 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16D25 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16N40 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 16N20 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6376688 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
Golod-Shafarevich algebras | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Golod-Shafarevich algebras / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
growth of algebras | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: growth of algebras / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
Gelfand-Kirillov dimension | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Gelfand-Kirillov dimension / rank | |||
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infinite dimensional algebras | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: infinite dimensional algebras / rank | |||
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free algebras | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: free algebras / rank | |||
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nil algebras | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: nil algebras / rank | |||
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Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
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Property / OpenAlex ID | |||
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2069351650 / rank | |||
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Property / arXiv ID | |||
Property / arXiv ID: 1307.1839 / rank | |||
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Property / cites work | |||
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links / mardi / name | links / mardi / name | ||
Latest revision as of 10:15, 9 July 2024
scientific article
Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
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English | Growth, entropy and commutativity of algebras satisfying prescribed relations. |
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Growth, entropy and commutativity of algebras satisfying prescribed relations. (English)
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3 December 2014
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The celebrated construction due to Golod and Shafarevich gives an infinite dimensional algebra satisfying some prescribed relations. Some of its corollaries include the construction of a nil, finitely generated algebra which is not nilpotent, and this led to a straightforward negative answer to the general Burnside problem. The so-called Golod-Shafarevich algebras have been extensively studied but nevertheless there are many open problems concerning their structure and growth. The paper under review constructs an algebra in the following way. Assume \(K\) is an algebraically closed field, and \(A\) the free associative algebra freely generated over \(K\) by two elements \(x\) and \(y\). Take homogeneous elements \(f_1,f_2,\ldots\), in \(A\) and let \(I\) be the ideal in \(A\) generated by these elements. Suppose there are \(r_n\) of these elements whose degrees are \(>2^n\) and \(\leq 2^{n+1}\), and moreover for \(i<8\), all \(r_i=0\). Let \(Y=\{n\mid r_n\neq 0\}\). Impose further the following two conditions. 1. There is no \(f_i\) such that \(\deg f_i=k\in[2^n-2^{n-3},2^n+2^{n-2}]\) for some positive integer \(n\). 2. If \(m,n\in Y\cup\{0\}\) and \(m<n\) then \(2^{3n+4}r_m^{33}<r_n<2^{2^{n-m-3}}\) and \(r_n<2^{2^{n/2-4}}\). Then there exists an algebra \(R\) which is a homomorphic image of \(A/I\) such that: 1. \(R\) is graded and infinite dimensional. 2. If for each \(n\) one denotes by \(k\) the largest positive integer in \(Y\) with \(k\leq 2\log n\) then \(\dim R_n\leq 8n^4r_k^{33}\) (here \(R_n\) stands for the span of all elements of degree \(\leq n\) in \(R\)). 3. If \(j\in Y\) and \(j\leq\log n\) then \(r_j^4\leq 2\dim R_n\). The above example provides algebras with subexponential growth satisfying given relations. An example of a nil algebra with neither polynomial nor exponential growth is also given. Further consequences of the above construction are also given.
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Golod-Shafarevich algebras
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growth of algebras
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Gelfand-Kirillov dimension
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infinite dimensional algebras
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free algebras
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nil algebras
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