The \(Z\)-invariant massive Laplacian on isoradial graphs (Q522193): Difference between revisions
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A planar graph \(G=(V,E)\) (where \(V\) is the set of vertices and \(E\) is the set of edges) is called isoradial if it can be embedded in the plane in such a way that all internal faces are inscribable in a circle, with all circles having the same radius, and such that all circumcenters are in the interior of the faces. Assume that for each \(l=(xy)\in E\), a positive number (conductance) \(\rho(l)=\rho(xy)\) is given and that for each \(x\in V\), a mass \(m(x)\) is given. Then define the massive Laplacian operator \(\Delta^m:\mathbb C^V\to \mathbb C^V\) by \[ (\Delta^m)f(x)=d(x)f(x)-\sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)f(y), \] where \(d(x)=m^2(x)+ \sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)\). A function \(f\in \mathbb C^V\) is massive harmonic on \(G\) if \(\Delta^mf=0\). In the paper the authors introduce a one-parameter family of massive Laplacian operators \((\Delta^{m(k)})_{k\in [0,1)}\) in which \(\rho(xy)=\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)\) and \(m(x)=m(x|k)\) are given by \[ \rho(\theta_{xy}|k)=\text{sc}(\theta_{xy}|k), \;\;m^2(x|k)=\sum_{y\sim x}[A(\theta_{xy}|k)-\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)], \] where \(\text{sc}\) is one of Jacobi's twelve elliptic functions and the function \(A\) is related to integrals of squared Jacobi elliptic functions. An explicit formula for the inverse of \(\Delta^{m(k)}\), the massive Green function, is proved. It is shown that the Green function only depends on the local geometry of the graph and its asymptotics is computed. An explicit local formula for an infinite volume Boltzmann measure and for the free energy of the model are given. It is shown that the model has a second-order phase transition at \(k=2\). Moreover, it is proved that the massive Laplacian operator provides a one-parameter family of \(Z\)-invariant rooted spanning forest models. An explicit parametrization of the spectral curve of the massive Laplacian (when the graph is \(Z^2\)-periodic) is given. It is shown that the spectral curve is Harnack and has geometric genus 1. | |||
Property / review text: A planar graph \(G=(V,E)\) (where \(V\) is the set of vertices and \(E\) is the set of edges) is called isoradial if it can be embedded in the plane in such a way that all internal faces are inscribable in a circle, with all circles having the same radius, and such that all circumcenters are in the interior of the faces. Assume that for each \(l=(xy)\in E\), a positive number (conductance) \(\rho(l)=\rho(xy)\) is given and that for each \(x\in V\), a mass \(m(x)\) is given. Then define the massive Laplacian operator \(\Delta^m:\mathbb C^V\to \mathbb C^V\) by \[ (\Delta^m)f(x)=d(x)f(x)-\sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)f(y), \] where \(d(x)=m^2(x)+ \sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)\). A function \(f\in \mathbb C^V\) is massive harmonic on \(G\) if \(\Delta^mf=0\). In the paper the authors introduce a one-parameter family of massive Laplacian operators \((\Delta^{m(k)})_{k\in [0,1)}\) in which \(\rho(xy)=\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)\) and \(m(x)=m(x|k)\) are given by \[ \rho(\theta_{xy}|k)=\text{sc}(\theta_{xy}|k), \;\;m^2(x|k)=\sum_{y\sim x}[A(\theta_{xy}|k)-\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)], \] where \(\text{sc}\) is one of Jacobi's twelve elliptic functions and the function \(A\) is related to integrals of squared Jacobi elliptic functions. An explicit formula for the inverse of \(\Delta^{m(k)}\), the massive Green function, is proved. It is shown that the Green function only depends on the local geometry of the graph and its asymptotics is computed. An explicit local formula for an infinite volume Boltzmann measure and for the free energy of the model are given. It is shown that the model has a second-order phase transition at \(k=2\). Moreover, it is proved that the massive Laplacian operator provides a one-parameter family of \(Z\)-invariant rooted spanning forest models. An explicit parametrization of the spectral curve of the massive Laplacian (when the graph is \(Z^2\)-periodic) is given. It is shown that the spectral curve is Harnack and has geometric genus 1. / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 82B26 / rank | |||
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID | |||
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 82B20 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH DE Number | |||
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 6705730 / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
massive Laplacian | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: massive Laplacian / rank | |||
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Property / zbMATH Keywords | |||
isoradial graph | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: isoradial graph / rank | |||
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elliptic function | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: elliptic function / rank | |||
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Green function | |||
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Green function / rank | |||
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Property / reviewed by | |||
Property / reviewed by: Utkir A. Rozikov / rank | |||
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Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
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Property / OpenAlex ID | |||
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2118020680 / rank | |||
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Property / arXiv ID | |||
Property / arXiv ID: 1504.00792 / rank | |||
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links / mardi / name | links / mardi / name | ||
Latest revision as of 17:10, 13 July 2024
scientific article
Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
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English | The \(Z\)-invariant massive Laplacian on isoradial graphs |
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The \(Z\)-invariant massive Laplacian on isoradial graphs (English)
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13 April 2017
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A planar graph \(G=(V,E)\) (where \(V\) is the set of vertices and \(E\) is the set of edges) is called isoradial if it can be embedded in the plane in such a way that all internal faces are inscribable in a circle, with all circles having the same radius, and such that all circumcenters are in the interior of the faces. Assume that for each \(l=(xy)\in E\), a positive number (conductance) \(\rho(l)=\rho(xy)\) is given and that for each \(x\in V\), a mass \(m(x)\) is given. Then define the massive Laplacian operator \(\Delta^m:\mathbb C^V\to \mathbb C^V\) by \[ (\Delta^m)f(x)=d(x)f(x)-\sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)f(y), \] where \(d(x)=m^2(x)+ \sum_{y\sim x}\rho(xy)\). A function \(f\in \mathbb C^V\) is massive harmonic on \(G\) if \(\Delta^mf=0\). In the paper the authors introduce a one-parameter family of massive Laplacian operators \((\Delta^{m(k)})_{k\in [0,1)}\) in which \(\rho(xy)=\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)\) and \(m(x)=m(x|k)\) are given by \[ \rho(\theta_{xy}|k)=\text{sc}(\theta_{xy}|k), \;\;m^2(x|k)=\sum_{y\sim x}[A(\theta_{xy}|k)-\rho(\theta_{xy}|k)], \] where \(\text{sc}\) is one of Jacobi's twelve elliptic functions and the function \(A\) is related to integrals of squared Jacobi elliptic functions. An explicit formula for the inverse of \(\Delta^{m(k)}\), the massive Green function, is proved. It is shown that the Green function only depends on the local geometry of the graph and its asymptotics is computed. An explicit local formula for an infinite volume Boltzmann measure and for the free energy of the model are given. It is shown that the model has a second-order phase transition at \(k=2\). Moreover, it is proved that the massive Laplacian operator provides a one-parameter family of \(Z\)-invariant rooted spanning forest models. An explicit parametrization of the spectral curve of the massive Laplacian (when the graph is \(Z^2\)-periodic) is given. It is shown that the spectral curve is Harnack and has geometric genus 1.
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massive Laplacian
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isoradial graph
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elliptic function
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Green function
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