The Z-invariant massive Laplacian on isoradial graphs

DOI10.1007/S00222-016-0687-ZzbMATH Open1372.82016arXiv1504.00792OpenAlexW2118020680MaRDI QIDQ522193FDOQ522193

Authors: Cédric Boutillier, Béatrice de Tilière, Kilian Raschel 

Publication date: 13 April 2017

Published in: Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce a one-parameter family of massive Laplacian operators $(Delt{a}^{m(k)}{)}_{kin[0,1)}$ defined on isoradial graphs, involving elliptic functions. We prove an explicit formula for the inverse of $Delt{a}^{m(k)}$, the massive Green function, which has the remarkable property of only depending on the local geometry of the graph, and compute its asymptotics. We study the corresponding statistical mechanics model of random rooted spanning forests. We prove an explicit local formula for an infinite volume Boltzmann measure, and for the free energy of the model. We show that the model undergoes a second order phase transition at $k=0$, thus proving that spanning trees corresponding to the Laplacian introduced by Kenyon are critical. We prove that the massive Laplacian operators $(Delt{a}^{m(k)}{)}_{kin(0,1)}$ provide a one-parameter family of $Z$-invariant rooted spanning forest models. When the isoradial graph is moreover $mathbb{Z}^2$-periodic, we consider the spectral curve of the characteristic polynomial of the massive Laplacian. We provide an explicit parametrization of the curve and prove that it is Harnack and has genus $1$. We further show that every Harnack curve of genus $1$ with $(z,w)leftrightarrow(z^{-1},w^{-1})$ symmetry arises from such a massive Laplacian.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.00792

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zbMATH Keywords

Green functionelliptic functionisoradial graphmassive Laplacian

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

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Cited In (12)

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• Spectra of biperiodic planar networks
• The \(Z\)-Dirac and massive Laplacian operators in the \(Z\)-invariant Ising model
• Mini-workshop: Dimers, Ising and spanning trees beyond the critical isoradial case. Abstracts from the mini-workshop held November 15--21, 2020 (online meeting)
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• Arctic curves of the six-vertex model on generic domains: the tangent method
• Universality of spin correlations in the Ising model on isoradial graphs
• Minimal bipartite dimers and higher genus Harnack curves

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