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The work considers mean-values of the classical Dirichlet L-function \(L(s,\chi)\), attaining explicit formulas in two special values of \(s\). The results are following: For \(k \geq 3\) \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ odd}}} |L(1,\chi)|^2 =\frac{\pi^2\varphi(k)}{4k^2}\left(\frac{J_2(k)}{3}-\varphi(k)\right) \] and \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ even}}} |L(2,\chi)|^2=\frac{\pi^4\varphi(k)}{2k^4}\left(\frac {J_4(k)}{90}+\frac{J_2(k)}{9}\right). \] Here \[ J_n(k)=k^n\prod_{p\mid k}\left(1-\frac{1}{p^n}\right) \] is Jordan's totient function of order \(n\geq1\), and \(\varphi\) is Euler's totient function. As a consequence the author achieves the upper bound \[ |L(1,\chi)|<\phi(k) \] for almost all odd characters \(\chi\) (mod \(k\)) and for any function \(\phi(x)\) monotonically tending to infinity. This is in an almost all sense better than both of \textit{J. E. Littlewood}'s upper bound for real primitive \(\chi\) (where GRH is being assumed) [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 358--372 (1928; JFM 54.0206.02)], and two bounds by \textit{P. T. Bateman, S. Chowla} and \textit{P. Erdős} [Publ. Math. 1, 165--182 (1950; Zbl 0036.30702)], as the author points out. The proofs lean on a general formula for \(L(r,\chi)\) by the author's earlier study, involving sums of the Gauss sums. It allows generalizations to bigger values of \(r\), when \(\chi\) and \(r \geq 1\) are of the same parity, as indicated in the article.
Property / review text: The work considers mean-values of the classical Dirichlet L-function \(L(s,\chi)\), attaining explicit formulas in two special values of \(s\). The results are following: For \(k \geq 3\) \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ odd}}} |L(1,\chi)|^2 =\frac{\pi^2\varphi(k)}{4k^2}\left(\frac{J_2(k)}{3}-\varphi(k)\right) \] and \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ even}}} |L(2,\chi)|^2=\frac{\pi^4\varphi(k)}{2k^4}\left(\frac {J_4(k)}{90}+\frac{J_2(k)}{9}\right). \] Here \[ J_n(k)=k^n\prod_{p\mid k}\left(1-\frac{1}{p^n}\right) \] is Jordan's totient function of order \(n\geq1\), and \(\varphi\) is Euler's totient function. As a consequence the author achieves the upper bound \[ |L(1,\chi)|<\phi(k) \] for almost all odd characters \(\chi\) (mod \(k\)) and for any function \(\phi(x)\) monotonically tending to infinity. This is in an almost all sense better than both of \textit{J. E. Littlewood}'s upper bound for real primitive \(\chi\) (where GRH is being assumed) [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 358--372 (1928; JFM 54.0206.02)], and two bounds by \textit{P. T. Bateman, S. Chowla} and \textit{P. Erdős} [Publ. Math. 1, 165--182 (1950; Zbl 0036.30702)], as the author points out. The proofs lean on a general formula for \(L(r,\chi)\) by the author's earlier study, involving sums of the Gauss sums. It allows generalizations to bigger values of \(r\), when \(\chi\) and \(r \geq 1\) are of the same parity, as indicated in the article. / rank
 
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Property / reviewed by
 
Property / reviewed by: Eeva Vehkalahti / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 11M06 / rank
 
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Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID
 
Property / Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 11L05 / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH DE Number
 
Property / zbMATH DE Number: 5899188 / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
\(L\)-functions
Property / zbMATH Keywords: \(L\)-functions / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
special values
Property / zbMATH Keywords: special values / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Jordan's totient function
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Jordan's totient function / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Euler's totient function
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Euler's totient function / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
mean square average
Property / zbMATH Keywords: mean square average / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Gauss sums
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Gauss sums / rank
 
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Property / zbMATH Keywords
 
Ramanujan sums
Property / zbMATH Keywords: Ramanujan sums / rank
 
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Property / MaRDI profile type
 
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank
 
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Property / full work available at URL
 
Property / full work available at URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2011.02.013 / rank
 
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Property / OpenAlex ID
 
Property / OpenAlex ID: W2040164411 / rank
 
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Property / cites work
 
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Latest revision as of 01:52, 4 July 2024

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On the mean square average of special values of \(L\)-functions
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    On the mean square average of special values of \(L\)-functions (English)
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    23 May 2011
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    The work considers mean-values of the classical Dirichlet L-function \(L(s,\chi)\), attaining explicit formulas in two special values of \(s\). The results are following: For \(k \geq 3\) \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ odd}}} |L(1,\chi)|^2 =\frac{\pi^2\varphi(k)}{4k^2}\left(\frac{J_2(k)}{3}-\varphi(k)\right) \] and \[ \sum _{\substack{\chi \pmod k\\ \chi \text{ even}}} |L(2,\chi)|^2=\frac{\pi^4\varphi(k)}{2k^4}\left(\frac {J_4(k)}{90}+\frac{J_2(k)}{9}\right). \] Here \[ J_n(k)=k^n\prod_{p\mid k}\left(1-\frac{1}{p^n}\right) \] is Jordan's totient function of order \(n\geq1\), and \(\varphi\) is Euler's totient function. As a consequence the author achieves the upper bound \[ |L(1,\chi)|<\phi(k) \] for almost all odd characters \(\chi\) (mod \(k\)) and for any function \(\phi(x)\) monotonically tending to infinity. This is in an almost all sense better than both of \textit{J. E. Littlewood}'s upper bound for real primitive \(\chi\) (where GRH is being assumed) [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 358--372 (1928; JFM 54.0206.02)], and two bounds by \textit{P. T. Bateman, S. Chowla} and \textit{P. Erdős} [Publ. Math. 1, 165--182 (1950; Zbl 0036.30702)], as the author points out. The proofs lean on a general formula for \(L(r,\chi)\) by the author's earlier study, involving sums of the Gauss sums. It allows generalizations to bigger values of \(r\), when \(\chi\) and \(r \geq 1\) are of the same parity, as indicated in the article.
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    \(L\)-functions
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    special values
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    Jordan's totient function
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    Euler's totient function
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    mean square average
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    Gauss sums
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    Ramanujan sums
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