Self-approximation of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions (Q533819): Difference between revisions

Let \(\chi\) be a Dirichlet character and let \(L(s,\chi)\) denote the corresponding \(L\)-function. Main results in the paper are the following universality theorems. Theorem 1: Let \(d_1=1,\ldots,d_m\) denote non-zero real algebraic numbers and let \({\mathcal K}\) be a compact subset of the strip \(1\slash 2<\sigma<1 \) (\(\sigma=\Re(s)\)). Then for every positive \(\varepsilon\) we have \[ \liminf_{T\to\infty}\frac{1}{T} \mu\{\tau\in[0,T]: \max_{1\leq j,k\leq m} \max_{s\in {\mathcal K}} |L(s+id_j\tau,\chi) - L(s+id_k\tau,\chi)|<\varepsilon\}>0, \] where \(\mu\) denotes the usual Lebesgue measure on the real axis. Theorem 2: Let \(d_1,\ldots, d_m\) be any real numbers, let \(\chi_1,\ldots, \chi_m\) be any Dirichlet characters, and let \({\mathcal K}\) be a compact subset of the strip \(1\slash 2<\sigma<1\). Then for all positive \(\varepsilon\), except for at most a countable set of them, the limit \[ \lim_{T\to\infty}\frac{1}{T} \mu\{\tau\in[0,T]: \max_{1\leq j,k\leq m} \max_{s\in {\mathcal K}} |L(s+id_j\tau,\chi) - L(s+id_k\tau,\chi)|<\varepsilon\} \] do exist. These theorems combined with the recent results of \textit{T. Nakamura} [Acta Arith. 138, No. 4, 357--362 (2009; Zbl 1229.11114)] and \textit{Ł. Pańkowski} [in: New directions in value-distribution theory of zeta and \(L\)-functions, Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 305--315 (2009; Zbl 1260.11056)] lead to the following corollary. Let \(d\) be a non-zero real number. Then for every \({\mathcal K}\) and \(\chi\) as before and for all positive \(\varepsilon\) except for an at most countable set of \(\varepsilon\), the limit \[ \lim_{T\to\infty}\frac{1}{T}\mu\{\tau\in [0,T]: \max_{s\in {\mathcal K}}|L(s+i\tau,\chi)-L(s+id\tau, \chi)|<0\} \] exists and is positive.