Moves for standard skeleta of 3-manifolds with marked boundary (Q431069): Difference between revisions

A \textit{standard polyhedron} in a \(3\)-manifold \(M\) is a \(2\)-dimensional sub-polyhedron \(P\) with singular set consisting of edges (3 sheets meet) and vertices (4 singular edges meet); if \(\partial P \neq \emptyset\), the singular points of \(\partial P\) are vertices where 3 boundary arcs meet. \(P\) is a \textit{spine} of \(M\), if \(M\) collapses to it. Every compact \(3\)-manifold \(M\) with non-empty boundary has standard spines without boundary (if \(M\) is closed one considers \(M\) minus a \(3\)-ball) and a standard spine without boundary determines \(M\) uniquely (up to homeomorphism). \textit{S. V. Matveev} [Math. USSR, Izv. 31, No. 2, 423--434 (1988; Zbl 0676.57002)] and \textit{R. Piergallini} [Topology, 3rd Natl. Meet., Trieste/Italy 1986, Suppl. Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, II. Ser. 18, 391--414 (1988; Zbl 0672.57004)] showed that any two standard spines without boundary of \(M\) are related to each other (i.e. can be obtained from each other) by a sequence of certain moves (``\(V\)'' and ``\(MP\)''-moves that locally change the topology of the standard spines). Motivated by a cutting of \(3\)-manifolds along tori and Klein bottles into simpler pieces, as in the \(JSJ\)-splitting, the author studies standard skeleta of \(3\)-manifolds with marked boundaries. The boundary of such a \(3\)-manifold \(M\) consists of tori and Klein bottles and is marked by a trivalent graph \(X\) such that for each component \(C\) of \(\partial M\), \(C\backslash X\) is an open disk. A \textit{standard skeleton} of a marked \(3\)-manifold \((M,X)\) is a standard sub-polyhedron \(P\) of \(M\) such that \(P\cap \partial M = X = \partial P\), and such that \(P\cup \partial M\) is a spine of \(M\) minus a \(3\)-ball. The author shows that the \(V\) and \(MP\)-moves are not sufficient to relate any two standard skeleta of a \(3\)-manifold with marked boundary. He then introduces another local move, the \(L\)-move, and shows that any two standard skeleta of \((M,X)\) with a certain extra condition are related by a sequence of \(L\)- and \(MP\)-moves. This extra condition is automatically satisfied if \((M,X)\) has only one boundary component. For the generic case the author introduces a local \(CR\)-move (a type of disk-replacement) and non-local \(T_*\)-moves (two particular disk-replacements), and shows that any two standard skeleta of \((M,X)\) are related by a sequence of \(L\)-, \(MP\)-, and \(T_*\)-moves. In particular it follows that any two standard skeleta of \((M,X)\) are related by a sequence of disk-replacements.