Rigidity of stable Lyapunov exponents and integrability for Anosov maps (Q6135936): Difference between revisions

Let \(M\) be a \(d\)-dimensional smooth closed Riemannian manifold. A \(C^1\) local diffeomorphism \(f : M \to M\) is called Anosov map if there exists a \(Df\)-invariant continuous subbundle \(E^s \subset TM\) such that it is uniformly \(Df\)-contracting and its quotient bundle \(TM / E^s\) is uniformly \(Df\)-expanding. An Anosov map \(f : M \to M\) is called special if it has an integrable unstable bundle. Let \(f\) be a non-invertible irreducible Anosov map on a \(d\)-torus \(\mathbb{T}^d\). In this paper the authors show that if the stable bundle of \(f\) is one-dimensional, then \(f\) has the integrable unstable bundle if and only if every periodic point of \(f\) admits the same Lyapunov exponent on the stable bundle as its linearization. For the higher-dimensional stable bundle case, the same result is proved under the assumption that \(f\) is a \(C^1\)-perturbation of a linear Anosov map with real simple Lyapunov spectrum on the stable bundle. In both cases, the result implies that if \(f\) is topologically conjugate to its linearization, then the conjugacy is smooth on the stable bundle. To be precise, let \(f : \mathbb{T}^d \to \mathbb{T}^d\) be an Anosov map, then \(f\) is homotopic to a linear toral map \(A = f_\ast : \pi_1(\mathbb{T}^d) \to \pi_1(\mathbb{T}^d)\). Here \(A\) is also an Anosov map and is called the linearization of \(f\). A toral Anosov map \(f\) is called irreducible, if its linearization \(A \in \mathrm{GL}_d(\mathbb{R}) \cap M_d(\mathbb{Z})\) has an irreducible characteristic polynomial over \(\mathbb{Q}\). The following two main results are obtained. The first one is as follows. Let \(f : \mathbb{T}^d \to \mathbb{T}^d\) be a \(C^{1+\alpha}\) irreducible non-invertible Anosov map with one-dimensional stable bundle. Then \(f\) has an integrable unstable bundle if and only if every periodic point of \(f\) admits the same Lyapunov exponent on the stable bundle. For higher-dimensional stable bundle case, the authors prove a local rigidity result for linear Anosov maps on \(\mathbb{T}^d\) with real simple spectrum. We say that a hyperbolic matrix \(A \in \mathrm{GL}_d(\mathbb{R}) \cap M_d(\mathbb{Z})\) has real simple spectrum on the stable bundle if all eigenvalues on the stable bundle are real and have mutually distinct moduli. Then \(A\) admits a dominated splitting \(T\mathbb{T}^d = L^s_1 \oplus \cdots \oplus L^s_k \oplus L^u\), with \(\dim L^s_i = 1\) for \(i = 1, \cdots , k\). If a map \(f : \mathbb{T}^d \to \mathbb{T}^d\) is \(C^1\)-close to a hyperbolic \(A \in \mathrm{GL}_d(\mathbb{R}) \cap M_d(\mathbb{Z})\) with real simple spectrum on stable bundle, then \(f\) is Anosov and has \(k\) Lyapunov exponents on the stable bundle: \(\lambda^s_1(p, f) < \lambda^s_2(p, f) < \cdots < \lambda^s_k(p, f) < 0\) for all \(p \in \mathrm{Per}(f)\). We say that \(f\) has spectral rigidity on stable bundle if \(\lambda^s_i(p, f) = \log |\mu_i|\) for \(i = 1, \cdots , k\) for all \(p \in \mathrm{Per}(f)\). Here \(\mu_i\) is the eigenvalue of \(A\) in the eigenspace \(L^s_i\). The second result is as follows. Let \(A \in \mathrm{GL}_d(\mathbb{R}) \cap M_d(\mathbb{Z})\) be hyperbolic and irreducible with real simple spectrum on the stable bundle. If \(A : \mathbb{T}^d \to \mathbb{T}^d\) is non-invertible, then for every \(f \in C^{1+\alpha}(\mathbb{T}^d)\) \(C^1\)-nearby \(A\), \(f\) has an integrable unstable bundle if and only if it has spectral rigidity on the stable bundle. These two results come from the following two theorems (the necessary parts come from Theorem 3.1 and the sufficient parts come from Theorem 5.1). Let \(A : \mathbb{T}^d \to \mathbb{T}^d\) be a linear Anosov map admitting the finest (on stable bundle) dominated splitting, \(T\mathbb{T}^d = L^s_1 \oplus L^s_2 \oplus \cdots \oplus L^s_k \oplus L^u\), where \(\dim L^s_i = 1\), \(1 \leq i \leq k\). Theorem 3.1 asserts (under some additional assumption) that there exists a \(C^1\) neighborhood \(\mathscr{U} \subset C^1(\mathbb{T}^d)\) of \(A\) such that for every \(f \in \mathscr{U}\), if \(f\) is special, then \(\lambda^s_i(p, f) = \lambda^s_i(A)\) for all \(p \in \mathrm{Per}(f)\), \(1 \leq i \leq k\). Moreover, \(f\) admits the finest (on the stable bundle) special dominated splitting \(T\mathbb{T}^d = E^s_1 \oplus E^s_2 \oplus \cdots \oplus E^s_k \oplus E^u\), where \(\dim E^s_i = 1\) for all \(1 \leq i \leq k\). If \(f \in \mathscr{U}\) is special, there exists a conjugacy \(h\) between \(f\) and \(A\). To obtain the relationship between the periodic stable Lyapunov spectrum and that of its linearization, the authors prove that the conjugacy \(h\) is also a leaf conjugacy between \(\mathscr{F}^s_i\) and \(\mathscr{L}^s_i\). Theorem 5.1 asserts (under some additional assumption) that there exists a \(C^1\) neighborhood \(\mathscr{U} \subset C^1(\mathbb{T}^d)\) of \(A\) such that for every \(C^{1+\alpha}\)-smooth \(f \in \mathscr{U}\), if \(\lambda^s_i(p, f) = \lambda^s_i(q, f)\) for all \(p, q \in\mathrm{Per}(f)\) and \(1 \leq i \leq k\), then \(f\) admits the finest (on stable bundle) special dominated splitting \(T\mathbb{T}^d = E^s_1 \oplus E^s_2 \oplus \cdots \oplus E^s_k \oplus E^u\), where \(\dim E^s_i = 1\) for \(1 \leq i \leq k\). In particular, \(f\) is special. Let \(f \in \mathscr{U}\) and \(F : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}^d\) be a lifting of \(f\), and let \(H : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}^d\) be the conjugacy between \(F\) and \(A\). This theorem is obtained by firstly proving that \(H\) maps every one-dimensional stable foliation \(\tilde{\mathscr{F}}^s_i\) \((1 \leq i \leq k)\) to one of the linearization \(\tilde{\mathscr{L}}^s_i\), and, then, proving that \(H\) is an isometry along each leaf of \(\tilde{\mathscr{F}}^s_i\) with respect to an appropriate affine metric constructed by the authors themselves applying Livschitz theorem for Anosov maps.