Discrete harmonic analysis associated with Jacobi expansions. I: The heat semigroup (Q776912): Difference between revisions

The authors investigate some aspects of harmonic analysis of the Jacobi operator \(J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) related to the tri-diagonal Jacobi matrix with entries \(\{a_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) and \(\{b_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) involved in the three-term recurrence relation for the normalized Jacobi polynomials \(p_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}=w_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\). Here \(w_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}=\|P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\|^{-1}_{L^2((-1,1),\,(1-x)^{\alpha}(1+x)^{\beta}dx)}\) and \(\{P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) are the Jacobi polynomials. The operator \(J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) is bounded on \(\ell^p(\mathbb N)\), \(1\le p\le\infty\), and \(-\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\), where \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}=J^{(\alpha,\beta)}-I\) stands for the shifted operator, is positive. The analysis corresponds to that in an earlier paper [\textit{J. J. Betancor} et al., Potential Anal. 53, No. 2, 523--563 (2020; Zbl 1472.39008)], where an `ultraspherical' operator \(\Delta_\lambda\), \(\lambda>0\), was related to the three-term recurence relation for the ultraspherical functions \(\varphi^\lambda_n(x)=p_n^{(\lambda-1/2,\lambda-1/2)}(x)(1-x^2)^{\lambda-1/2}\), being an orthonormal basis in \(L^2((-1,1),dx)\), and thorough analysis of \(\Delta_\lambda\) was conducted. The main object of study in the paper is the heat semigroup \(\{W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{t>0}\) related to \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) and defined in terms of an initial-value problem associated to a heat equation with \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) involved. It is verified that for \(\alpha\ge\beta\ge-1/2\) the operators \(W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) are nonnegative and the proof heavily relies on a celebrated result of \textit{G. Gasper} [Can. J. Math. 22, 171--175 (1970; Zbl 0191.35002)] on nonnegativity of coefficients in the linearization formula for the product \(p_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)p_m^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\). Also the maximal operator \(W_\ast^{(\alpha,\beta)}f(n)=\sup_{t>0}|W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}f(n)|\) is studied and weighted \(L^p\)-inequalities for this operator are established.