Discrete harmonic analysis associated with Jacobi expansions. I: The heat semigroup

Abstract: In this paper we commence the study of discrete harmonic analysis associated with Jacobi orthogonal polynomials of order

. Particularly, we give the solution

,

t g e 0

, and some properties of the heat equation related to the operator

, where

is the three-term recurrence relation for the normalized Jacobi polynomials and

I

is the identity operator. These results will be a consequence of a much more general theorem concerning the solution of the heat equation for Jacobi matrices. In addition, we also prove the positivity of the operator

under some suitable restrictions on the parameters

a l p h a

and

. Finally, we investigate mapping properties of the maximal operators defined by the heat and Poisson semigroups in weighted

e l l^{p}

-spaces using discrete vector-valued local Calder'{o}n-Zygmund theory. For the Poisson semigroup, these properties follows readily from the control in terms of the heat one.

Review text

The authors investigate some aspects of harmonic analysis of the Jacobi operator \(J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) related to the tri-diagonal Jacobi matrix with entries \(\{a_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) and \(\{b_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) involved in the three-term recurrence relation for the normalized Jacobi polynomials \(p_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}=w_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\). Here \(w_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}=\|P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\|^{-1}_{L^2((-1,1),\,(1-x)^{\alpha}(1+x)^{\beta}dx)}\) and \(\{P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{n\ge0}\) are the Jacobi polynomials. The operator \(J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) is bounded on \(\ell^p(\mathbb N)\), \(1\le p\le\infty\), and \(-\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\), where \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}=J^{(\alpha,\beta)}-I\) stands for the shifted operator, is positive. The analysis corresponds to that in an earlier paper [\textit{J. J. Betancor} et al., Potential Anal. 53, No. 2, 523--563 (2020; Zbl 1472.39008)], where an `ultraspherical' operator \(\Delta_\lambda\), \(\lambda>0\), was related to the three-term recurence relation for the ultraspherical functions \(\varphi^\lambda_n(x)=p_n^{(\lambda-1/2,\lambda-1/2)}(x)(1-x^2)^{\lambda-1/2}\), being an orthonormal basis in \(L^2((-1,1),dx)\), and thorough analysis of \(\Delta_\lambda\) was conducted. The main object of study in the paper is the heat semigroup \(\{W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}_{t>0}\) related to \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) and defined in terms of an initial-value problem associated to a heat equation with \(\mathcal J^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) involved. It is verified that for \(\alpha\ge\beta\ge-1/2\) the operators \(W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}\) are nonnegative and the proof heavily relies on a celebrated result of \textit{G. Gasper} [Can. J. Math. 22, 171--175 (1970; Zbl 0191.35002)] on nonnegativity of coefficients in the linearization formula for the product \(p_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)p_m^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\). Also the maximal operator \(W_\ast^{(\alpha,\beta)}f(n)=\sup_{t>0}|W_t^{(\alpha,\beta)}f(n)|\) is studied and weighted \(L^p\)-inequalities for this operator are established.

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