Harmonic analysis associated with a discrete Laplacian

DOI10.1007/S11854-017-0015-6MaRDI QIDQ2408403zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Óscar Ciaurri, Luz Roncal, José Luis Torrea, T. A. Gillespie, Juan Luis Varona

Publication date 12 October 2017

Published in Journal d'Analyse Mathématique (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.2091

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) (L^p)-spaces and other function spaces on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A15)

Abstract: It is well-known that the fundamental solution of ${\displaystyle }$ u_t(n,t)= u(n+1,t)-2u(n,t)+u(n-1,t), quad ninmathbb{Z}, ${\displaystyle }$ with $u(n,0)=delt{a}_{nm}$ for every fixed $minmathbbZ$, is given by $u(n,t)=e^{-2t}{I}_{n-m}(2t)$, where $I_k(t)$ is the Bessel function of imaginary argument. In other words, the heat semigroup of the discrete Laplacian is described by the formal series ${\displaystyle }$ W_tf(n) = sum_{minmathbb{Z}} e^{-2t} I_{n-m}(2t) f(m). ${\displaystyle }$ By using semigroup theory, this formula allows us to analyze some operators associated with the discrete Laplacian. In particular, we obtain the maximum principle for the discrete fractional Laplacian, weighted $el{l}^p(mathbbZ)$-boundedness of conjugate harmonic functions, Riesz transforms and square functions of Littlewood-Paley. Interestingly, it is shown that the Riesz transforms coincide essentially with the so called discrete Hilbert transform defined by D. Hilbert at the beginning of the XX century. We also see that these Riesz transforms are limits of the conjugate harmonic functions. The results rely on a careful use of several properties of Bessel functions.

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