Heat kernel expansions on the integers and the Toda lattice hierarchy

DOI10.1007/S00029-007-0046-4MaRDI QIDQ2481737zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Plamen Iliev

Publication date 15 April 2008

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0605079

zbMATH Keywords

\(\tau-\)functionsbispectralitycommutative rings of difference operators and algebraic curvesheat kernelintegrable systemssoliton equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, and special functions (37K20) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Difference operators (39A70)

Abstract: We consider the heat equation $u_t=Lu$ where $L$ is a second-order difference operator in a discrete variable $n$. The fundamental solution has an expansion in terms of the Bessel functions of imaginary argument. The coefficients $alph{a}_k(n,m)$ in this expansion are analogs of Hadamard's coefficients for the (continuous) Schrodinger operator. We derive an explicit formula for $alph{a}_k$ in terms of the wave and the adjoint wave functions of the Toda lattice hierarchy. As a first application of this result, we prove that the values of these coefficients on the diagonals $n=m$ and $n=m+1$ define a hierarchy of differential-difference equations which is equivalent to the Toda lattice hierarchy. Using this fact and the correspondence between commutative rings of difference operators and algebraic curves we show that the fundamental solution can be summed up, giving a finite formula involving only two Bessel functions with polynomial coefficients in the time variable $t$, if and only if the operator $L$ belongs to the family of bispectral operators constructed in [18].

Review text

The author considers heat kernel expansions on the integers and the Toda lattice hierarchy for the heat equation \(u_{t}=Lu\) where \(L\) is a second-order difference operator in a discrete variable \(n\). The fundamental solution has an expansion in terms of the Bessel functions of imaginary argument. The coefficients \(\alpha_{k}(n,m)\) in this expansion are analogs of Hadamard's coefficients for the (continuous) Schrödinger operator. The author derives an explicit formula for \(\alpha_{k}\) in terms of the wave and the adjoint wave functions of the Toda lattice hierarchy. As a first application of this result, the author prove that the values of these coefficients on the diagonals \(n=m\) and \(n=m+1\) define a hierarchy of differential-difference equations which is equivalent to the Toda lattice hierarchy. Using this fact and the correspondence between commutative rings of difference operators and algebraic curves the author shows that the fundamental solution can be summed up, giving a finite formula involving only two Bessel functions with polynomial coefficients in the time variable \(t\), if and only if the operator \(L\) belongs to the family of bispectral operators constructed by \textit{L. Haine} and the author [J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 34, No.~11, 2445--2457 (2001; Zbl 0974.33011)].

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Cited in

(10)

• Heat kernel expansions on the integers
• On the application of the matrix formalism for the heat kernel to number theory
• An \({\hbar}\)-expansion of the Toda hierarchy
• Harmonic analysis associated with a discrete Laplacian
• The spectral matrices of Toda solitons and the fundamental solution of some discrete heat equations.
• On the heat kernel and the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy.
• Heat trace and functional determinant in one dimension
• Finite heat kernel expansions on the real line
• Asymptotics of parabolic Green’s functions on lattices
• Higher-order heat equation and the Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy

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