Ordinal complexity of recursive definitions (Q1193596): Difference between revisions
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English | Ordinal complexity of recursive definitions |
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Ordinal complexity of recursive definitions (English)
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27 September 1992
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We classify and compare recursive and iterative definitions of total computable functions according to the complexity of the ordinal structures needed to verify termination. The main results are as follows: Let \(A\) be a set of structured tree-ordinals. \(\text{T-WHILE}(A)\) is a set of functions (denoted by programs) built from sequencing, conditionals and terminating while-loops which use tree parameters \(\alpha\in A\). \(\text{HARDY}(A)\) is, by Theorem I, an equivalent formulation, based on a Kleene-style presentation which includes primitive recursion and adds in the set \(H(A)\) of Hardy functionals \(\{H_ \alpha: \alpha\in A\}\). \(\text{REC}(A)\) is a set of functions defined by composition, conditionals and nested recursions which use parameters from \(A\). Theorem II establishes that, provided \(A\) satisfies suitable conditions such as Turing-machine representability and closure under addition and multiplication, \[ \text{T- WHILE}(A)\equiv\text{ELEM}(H(A))\equiv\text{SPACE}(H(A)). \] Theorem III tells us that under somewhat weaker conditions on \(A\), \(\text{REC}(\omega\cdot A)\equiv\text{T-WHILE}(\omega^ A)\), and is a generalization of a theorem of Tait showing nested recursions over a given well-ordering can be compiled to unnested ones but at the cost of an exponential increase in the size of the well-ordering. Some applications of these theorems are given at the end of the paper, for example: \[ \begin{aligned}\text{REC}(\omega\cdot N) & \equiv \text{WHILE}(\omega^ N)\\& \equiv\text{PRIMITIVE RECURSIVE}\\ \text{REC}(E) & \equiv \text{WHILE}(E)\equiv\text{SPACE}(E)\\ &\equiv \text{PROVABLY RECURSIVE in PA},\end{aligned} \] where \(N\) is the set of finite tree-ordinals and \(E\) is the closure of \(N\) under exponentiation. The first author has subsequently shown that under the weaker conditions, \(\text{PROV}(\lvdash^{\omega\cdot A}_{\Sigma^ 0_ 1 C})\equiv\text{REC}(\omega\cdot A)\), where \(\text{PROV}(\lvdash^ A_{\Sigma^ 0_ 1 C})\) is the set of functions which have a totality proof in \(\omega\)-logic with \(\Sigma^ 0_ 1\) cut-rank and ordinal bound in \(A\).
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subrecursion
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hierarchy
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recursive and iterative definitions of total computable functions
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structured tree-ordinals
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Hardy functionals
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nested recursions
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