Sylvester power and weighted sums on the Frobenius set in arithmetic progression (Q2133405): Difference between revisions

Let \(a_1,\ldots,a_k\) be positive coprime integers. Denote by \(NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\) the set of positive integers without nonnegative integer representations by \(a_1,\ldots,a_k\). Suppose \(\displaystyle s_{\mu}^{(\lambda)}(a_1,\ldots,a_k)=\sum_{n\in NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)} n^{\mu}\). Then it is proved that \[s_{\mu}^{(1)}(a_1,\ldots,a_k)=\frac{1}{\mu+1}\sum_{\kappa=0}^{\mu} \binom{\mu+1}{\kappa}B_{\kappa} a_1^{\kappa-1} \sum_{i=1}^{a_1-1} m_i^{\mu+1-\kappa} +\frac{B_{\mu+1}}{\mu+1}(a_1^{\mu+1}-1),\] where \(B_{\mu}\) are Bernoulli numbers and \(m_i\) is a least positive integer such that \(m_i\equiv i \pmod {a_1}\) and \(m_i\not\in NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\). Also some more complicated formulas for weighted sums \(s_{\mu}^{(\lambda)}(a,a+d,\ldots,a+(k-1)d)\) are obtained.