Hypercyclicity and unimodular point spectrum (Q2565535): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be an infinite-dimensional separable complex Banach space. A bounded operator \(T\) on \(X\) is hypercyclic if there exists \(x\in X\) such that the orbit \(\{T^nx:n\geq 0\}\) is dense in \(X\). Such a vector is called a hypercyclic vector for \(T\), and \(HC(T)\) denotes the set of all hypercyclic vectors for \(T\). \textit{G.~Godefroy} and \textit{J.~H.\ Shapiro} gave a sufficient condition for hypercyclicity in terms of the eigenvectors of an operator in [J.\ Funct.\ Anal.\ 98, No.~2, 229--269 (1991; Zbl 0732.47016)]: Godefroy--Shapiro criterion. Let \(H_+(T)\) be the linear space spanned by the eigenspaces \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\), \(|\lambda|>1\), and \(H_-(T)\) be the space spanned by the eigenspaces \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\), \(|\lambda|<1\). If \(H_+(T)\) and \(H_-(T)\) are dense in \(X\), then \(T\) is hypercyclic. In the paper under review, the authors are interested in finding a condition involving the eigenspaces associated to eigenvalues of modulus 1. For that purpose, they introduce the notion of a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors. Let \(\mathbb{D}\) be the open unit disk and let \(\sigma\) be a probability measure on \(\partial\mathbb{D}\). Then \(T\) has a \(\sigma\)-spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues if for every Borel set \(A\subset \partial\mathbb{D}\) with \(\sigma(A)=1\), the kernels \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\) for \(\lambda\in A\) span a dense subspace of \(X\). \(T\) is said to have a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues if it has a \(\sigma\)-spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues for some continuous measure \(\sigma\) on \(\partial\mathbb{D}\). The main result of the present paper states that a bounded operator \(T\) on \(X\) with a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues is hypercyclic. To prove this theorem, the authors derive a kind of weak hypercyclicity criterion. The authors use this theorem to construct hypercyclic operators with prescribed \(K_\sigma\) unimodular point spectrum. Theorem. Let \(A\) be a \(K_\sigma\) subset of \(\partial\mathbb{D}\) (i.e., a countable union of compact subsets of \(\partial\mathbb{D})\), and let \(B\) be its closure. Then there exists a hypercyclic operator \(T\) on a Hilbert space \(H\) such that \(\sigma_p(T)= A\) and \(\sigma(T)=B\). In the last section of the paper, the authors consider the problem of common hypercyclicity of a family of composition operators on the Hardy space \(H^2(\mathbb{D})\). For a holomorphic self-map \(\varphi\) of \(\mathbb{D}\), let \(C_\varphi:H^2(\mathbb{D})\to H^2(\mathbb{D})\) denote the composition operator defined by \(C_\varphi(f)= f\circ\varphi\). It is well-known that \(C_\varphi\) is bounded on \(H^2 (\mathbb{D})\). The authors prove that for \(A=\{\varphi\in\Aut(\mathbb{D}):+1\) is the attractive fixed point of \(\varphi\}\), the set \(\cap_{\varphi\in A}HC (C_\varphi)\) is a residual subset of \(H^2(\mathbb{D})\), thus answering in the affirmative a question posed in a previous paper by the first author [\textit{F.~Bayart}, J.\ Oper.\ Theory 52, No.~2, 353--370 (2004; Zbl 1104.47009)].