Multipliers, phases and connectivity of MRA wavelets in \(L^{2}(\mathbb R^{2})\) (Q967575): Difference between revisions

Given a matrix \(A\in \mathbb{R}^{d\times d}\), a function \(\psi\in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) is an \(A\)-dilation wavelet if the set \[ \{|\det(A)|^{\frac{n}{2}}\psi(A^nt-\ell): n\in\mathbb{Z}, \ell\in\mathbb{Z}^d\} \] is an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). A measurable function \(f\) is an \(A\)-dilation wavelet multiplier if the inverse Fourier transform of \((f\widehat{\psi})\) is an \(A\)-dilation wavelet for any \(A\)-dilation wavelet \(\psi\). Here \(\widehat{\psi}\) denotes the Fourier transform of \(\psi\). A problem in wavelet theory concerns the characterization of the \(A\)-dilation wavelet multiplier. Another one is whether the collection of all or some class of orthonormal wavelets is path-connected under the \(L^2\)-norm. In the one-dimensional case, \(A\)-wavelets multipliers have been characterized completely, when \(A=2\). Besides, although it is proved that the set of all \(A\)-dilation multi-resolution analysis wavelets (or \(A\)-dilation MRA wavelet for short) is path-connected under \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\)-norm, the path-connectedness for the set of all orthonormal wavelets still remains an open question. In this paper, the authors consider the above two problems in the two-dimensional case for expansive \(2\times 2\) matrices \(A\) with integer entries and \(|\det(A)|=2\). For this, they use the following equivalence relation in the set of these particular matrices: \(A\sim B\Longleftrightarrow\) there exists an integral matrix \(P\) with \(|\det(P)|=1\) such that \(A=P^{-1}BP\). It turns out that this relation produces exactly six equivalence classes [see \textit{J. C. Lagarias} and \textit{T. Wan}, J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 2, No. 1, 1--14 (1995; Zbl 0908.42022)]. The authors list explicitly six representatives for this equivalence relation, \(\{A_1, \ldots, A_6\}\). Then, if \(A\sim B\) under \(P\), they prove: (1) \(\psi(\cdot)\) is a \(B\)-dilation wavelet if and only if \(\psi(P\cdot)\) is an \(A\)-dilation wavelet and (2) \(f(\cdot)\) is an \(B\)-dilation wavelet multiplier if and only if \(f((P^t)^{-1}\cdot)\) is an \(A\)-dilation wavelet multiplier. This result allows them to reduce the problem of characterizing the \(A\)-dilation wavelet multiplier for each of the equivalence classes. They also show that for any two \(A\)-dilation MRA wavelets \(\psi_0\) and \(\psi_1\), there exists a continuous map \(\gamma:[0,1]\rightarrow L^2(\mathbb R^2)\) such that \(\gamma(0)=\psi_0\), \(\gamma(1)=\psi_1\) and \(\gamma(t)\) is an \(A\)-dilation MRA wavelet \(\forall\,t\in[0,1]\). The authors prove this result directly constructing a continuous path connecting the two \(A\)-dilation MRA wavelets, where \(A\) is one of the matrices \(A_1,\dots, A_6\). Therefore, the general case follows using (1) and (2).