A calculation of \(L\)-series in terms of Jacobi sums (Q746946): Difference between revisions

The \(L\)-series of a curve defined by the equation: \(y^e=\gamma x^f+\delta\) over a finite field has been expressed by using Jacobi sums in [\textit{A. Weil}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 73, 487--495 (1952; Zbl 0048.27001)]. Also, in this article, the author shows that the \(L\)-series associated with a cyclic extension of curves over a finite field can be expressed using Jacobi sums. Let \(Y\rightarrow X\) be a ramified cyclic covering of smooth, proper and geometrically irreducible curves over a finite field \(\mathbb F_q\) with Galois group \(G=\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z\). Let \(\Sigma_Y\) and \(\Sigma_X\) be their function fields and let \(\Sigma_Y=\Sigma_X(\sqrt[n]{f})\), for some \(f\in\Sigma_X\). Let \(\chi_f\) be the character of \(G\) defined by \(\chi_f(g)=\chi_q(g\sqrt[n]{f}/\sqrt[n]{f})\), where \(\chi_q\) is the Teichmüller character. The author considers the \(L\)-series associated with the character \(\chi_f^j\), \(L(X,\chi_f^j,t)=\prod_x(1-\chi_f^j(F_x)t^{\deg(x)})^{-1}\), for \(j=0,1,\dots,n-1\), where \(x\) runs over all unramified geometric points of \(X\) and \(F_x\) is the Frobenius element of \(x\). This \(L\)-series is a polynomial of \(t\). The author calculates the coefficients of this polynomial as a linear combination of products of Jacobi sums. Further, in the case that \(X\) is the projective space of dimension \(1\), he gives a more explicit calculation. For example, for a polynomial \(f=x^{a_1}(x-1)^{a_2}(x-\lambda)^{a_3}\), \[ L(X,\chi_f,t)=1+\frac{(-1)^{a_2+a_3}}{q-1}\cdot\left(\sum_{i=0}^{q-2}\chi_q(\lambda)^{a_3-i}J^{(a_1+i,a_2)}J^{(-i,a_3)}\right)t-J^{(a_1,a_2,a_3)} t^2, \] where \(J^{(a_1,\dots,a_d)}=(-1)^{d-1}\sum_{z_1+\dots +z_d+1=0}\chi_q^{a_1}(z_1)\dots\chi_q^{a_d}(z_d)\). By using these calculations, the author gives a Hermitian matrix such that each component is a square of a Jacobi sum and its rank and its index determine the amount of \(\lambda\in\mathbb F_q\), for which the elliptic curves \(y^2=x(x-1)(x-\lambda)\) are supersingular and the cardinal of their rational points are greater than \(q+1\), respectively.