Kummer congruences for expressions involving generalized Bernoulli polynomials (Q1396439): Difference between revisions

For a primitive character \(\chi\) and for \(n=1,2,\dots\), let \(\beta_{n,\chi}(t) = L_p(1-n,t;\chi)\), where \(L_p(s,t;\chi)\) is a two-variable \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function introduced by the author [Enseign. Math., II. Sér. 46, 225-278 (2000; Zbl 0999.11073)]. Here \(s\in{\mathbb C}_p\) assumes the same values as in the Kubota-Leopoldt \(p\)-adic \(L\)-function \(L_p(s;\chi)\) and \(t\) belongs to the integer ring of \({\mathbb C}_p\). The function \(\beta_{n,\chi}(t)\) also has a simple expression in terms of generalized Bernoulli polynomials. The author derives a Kummer type congruence in the form \[ c^{-k}p^{-k}\Delta_c^k(\beta_{n,\chi}(t+\tau)-\beta_{n,\chi}(t)) \in {\mathbb Z}_p[\chi,t] \] (with \(p^{-k}\) replaced by \(4^{-k}\) if \(p=2\)), where \(\Delta_c\) denotes the forward difference operator and \(\tau\) is a \(p\)-adic integer with \(|\tau|_p\) bounded from above by an explicit constant. Here \(c>0\) and \(k \geq 0\) are rational integers. The author studies the behavior of this element of \({\mathbb Z}_p[\chi,t]\) for the integer variables \(n\), \(c\) and \(k\) and finds certain periodicity for each variable. Most of these results are extensions of results by \textit{H. S. Gunaratne} concerning the values of \(L_p(s;\chi)\) at non-positive integers [see, e.g., Number theory, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1994, CMS Conf. Proc. 15, 209-214 (1995; Zbl 0843.11012)].