An area-preserving action of the modular group on cubic surfaces and the Painlevé VI equation (Q1416946): Difference between revisions

The author finds an action of the modular group on the monodromy surface associated to Painlevé sixth equation P\(_{V\!I}\) and describes a geometrical background behind his construction. The author starts with a detailed description of Jimbo's parametrization of the monodromy data \(M_j\), \(j=1,2,3\), associated to P\(_{V\!I}\), via the parameters \(x_i=\text{ Tr}(M_kM_j)\), \(a_i=\text{ Tr} M_i\), \(a_4=\text{ Tr}(M_3M_2M_1)\). The parameters \(a_i\), \(i=1,\dots,4\), correspond to local monodromy data around punctures \(t_i\), \(i=1,\dots,4\), \(t_4=\infty\), and thus to constant parameters in P\(_{\text{V\!I}}\). The parameters \(x_i\) satisfy a cubic equation and parameterize the set of initial conditions to P\(_{\text{V\!I}}\). Using the de Rham cohomology language the author describes a tangent space to the space of the monodromy data. Then, computing infinitesimal variations of the monodromy data, he finds explicitly a natural symplectic structure \(\omega_a\) on the above cubic surface. The braid group, i.e., the group of permutations of the punctures \(t_i\), whose action on the monodromy data has been found by Dubrovin and Mazzocco, is an image of the full modular group under a surjective homomorphism. The author shows that the action of the braid group preserves the symplectic structure \(\omega_a\).