Thin Hessenberg pairs (Q968994): Difference between revisions

A square matrix is called Hessenberg whenever each entry below the subdiagonal is zero and each entry on the subdiagonal is nonzero. Let \(V\) denote a nonzero finite-dimensional vector space over a field. The author considers an ordered pair of linear transformations \(A:V\to V\) and \(A^*:V\to V\) which satisfy both (i) and (ii) below. {\parindent7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] There exists a basis for \(V\) with respect to which the matrix representing \(A\) is Hessenberg and the matrix representing \(A^*\) is diagonal. \item[(ii)] There exists a basis for \(V\) with respect to which the matrix representing \(A\) is diagonal and the matrix representing \(A^*\) is Hessenberg. \end{itemize}} Such a pair is called a thin Hessenberg pair (or TH pair). This is a special case of a Hessenberg pair which was introduced by the author in an earlier paper [Linear Algebra Appl. 431, No.~9, 1579--1586 (2009; Zbl 1176.15004)]. A different special case, that of tridiagonal pairs, was previously considered by \textit{T.\ Ito, K.\ Tanabe} and \textit{P.\ Terwilliger} [DIMACS, Ser. Discrete Math. Theor. Comput. Sci. 56, 167--192 (2001; Zbl 0995.05148)] and by \textit{T.\ Ito} and \textit{P.\ Terwilliger} [J. Algebra 322, No.~1, 68--93 (2009; Zbl 1177.33021)]. In the paper under review, the author investigates several bases for \(V\) with respect to which the matrices representing \(A\) and \(A^*\) are of special form. He displays these matrices along with the transition matrices relating the bases. He introduces an ``oriented'' version of the pair \(A\), \(A^*\) called a TH system. With this he associates a sequence of scalars called its parameter array. He shows that the TH system is determined up to isomorphism by its parameter array. Using this fact, he classifies the TH systems up to isomorphism.