Multiplicity results for a two-point boundary value double eigenvalue problem (Q993741): Difference between revisions

The authors establish the existence of at least three weak solutions for the following boundary value problem \[ -u^{\prime \prime }+u=\lambda f(t,u)+\mu g(t,u), \] \[ u^{\prime }(a)=u^{\prime }(b)=0, \] where \(\lambda\), \(\mu >0\), \(a,b\in\mathbb{R} (a<b)\) and \(f,g:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) are two \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory functions. Using the theorem of \textit{B. Ricceri} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl., Ser. A, Theory Methods 70, No. 9, A, 3084--3089 (2009; Zbl 1214.47079)], the authors prove the following Theorem: Let \(f:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) be a \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory function, and put \(F(t,x)=\int_{0}^{x} f(t,\zeta)d\zeta\) for \((t,x)\in [ a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\). Assume that there exist four positive constants \(\alpha ,\beta ,\theta,\tau \) and a function \(u_{1}\in W^{1,2}([a,b])\) with \(\alpha +\beta <b-a\) and \(0\leq u_{1}(t)\leq \alpha \beta \tau \) for all \(t\in [ a,b]\) such that {\parindent7.5mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(\int_{a}^{b} (|u'_{1}(t)|^{2}+|u_{1}(t)|^{2})\,dt>\alpha\beta\theta^{2};\) \item[(ii)] \(F(t,x)\geq 0\) for each \((t,x)\in ([a,a+\alpha ]\cup [ b-\beta ,b])\times [ 0,\alpha \beta \tau ];\) \item[(iii)] \(M_{1}:=\frac{\alpha \beta \theta ^{2}}{\int_{a}^{b} (|u'_{1}(t)|^{2}+|u_{1}(t)|^{2})\,dt}\int_{a+\alpha}^{b-\beta}F(t,u_{1}(t))\,dt-\int_{a}^{b}\sup_{x\in[-\eta,\eta]}F(t,x)\,dt>0\) where \(\eta :=\theta \sqrt{\frac{2\alpha \beta }{b-a}};\) \item[(iv)] \(\lim_{|x|\rightarrow\infty} \sup\frac{F(t,x)}{x^{2}}<\frac{1}{4d}\) uniformly with respect to \(t\in [ a,b]\) for some \(d\) satisfying \(d>\frac{\alpha \beta \theta ^{2}}{2M_{1}}\). \end{itemize}} Then, there exist a non-empty open set \(A\subseteq ]0,d[\) and a real number \( q>0\) with the following property: for every \(\lambda \in A\) and for an arbitrary \(L^{1}\)-Caratheodory function \(g:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R},\) there exists \(\delta >0\) such that, for each \(\mu \in [ 0,\delta ],\) the given problem has at least three weak solutions in \(W^{1,2}([a,b])\) whose norms are less than \(q\).