Weights on cohomology, invariants of singularities, and dual complexes (Q382315): Difference between revisions

The weight filtration (in the sense of mixed Hodge structure) for spaces related to singularities of complex algebraic varieties are studied. The weight-0 part reflects the combinatorics of resolution of singularities. Suppose that \(E\subset X\) is a simple normal crossing divisor in a smooth complete algebraic variety. It follows from the \textit{P. Deligne} work on mixed Hodge structure [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 40, 5--57 (1971; Zbl 0219.14007)] that the cohomology of the dual complex \(\Sigma_E\) is isomorphic to \(W_0H^*(E)\) and it depends only on the complement \(X\setminus E\). Using weak factorization theorem [\textit{J. Włodarczyk}, Invent. Math. 154, No. 2, 223--331 (2003; Zbl 1130.14014)] and [\textit{D. Abramovich}et al., J. Am. Math. Soc. 15, No. 3, 531--572 (2002; Zbl 1032.14003)] it is shown that the homotopy type \(\Sigma_E\) is also determined by \(X\setminus E\) and moreover it depends only on the proper birational class of \(X\setminus E\). If \(E\) is the exceptional divisor of an isolated singularity resolution \(\pi:X\to Y\), then the homotopy type of \(\Sigma_E\) is an invariant of the singularity germ. For a rational singularity \(\Sigma_E\) is \(\mathbb{Q}\)-acyclic (but not necessarily contractible as conjectured in [\textit{D. A. Stepanov}, Russ. Math. Surv. 61, No. 1, 181--183 (2006; Zbl 1134.14302)]; the counterexample was given by Payne). In the case when \(Y\) is a hypersurface rational singularity then \(\Sigma_E\) is contractible if \(\dim Y\geq 3\). If \(Y\) has Cohen-Macaulay singularities then \(\Sigma_E\) has the rational homotopy type of a wedge of spheres. Further nonisoleted singularities are studied. Again using weak factorization theorem it is shown that for \(y\in Y\) the dimensions of \(W_0H^i(\pi^{-1}(y))\) and \(H^1(\pi^{-1}(y))\) do not depend on a good resolution. Some estimates for remaining numbers \(\dim W_jH^i(\pi^{-1}(y))\) are obtained in general and for various classes of singularities. Similar estimates are obtained for the cohomology of the link \(H^*(Y,Y\setminus\{y\})\). The former results are achieved by applying the decomposition theorem of \textit{A. A. Beilinson, J. Bernstein} and \textit{P. Deligne} [Astérisque 100, 172 p. (1982; Zbl 0536.14011)].